LBNL Activities in Industrial Energy Analysis

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• LBNL Activities in Industrial Energy Analysis
• Energy Analysis Department
• Environmental Energy Technologies Division
• Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

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Importance of Industrial Energy Analysis

• The industrial sector uses approximately 41 of
  global primary energy use, and emits 43 of
  global GHG emissions
• Industry is growing rapidly in developing
  countries, and is or will be the largest energy
  consumer in many economies
• Curiously, detailed knowledge on the industrial
  sector is often lacking in the public sector
• Rational energy efficiency policies depend
  vitally on information that describes the
  processes as well as energy efficient
  technologies, measures and policies

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LBNL Activities

• Improve understanding of driving forces and
  trends in industrial energy use and efficiency
• Technology and market assessment of technologies
  and practices for energy efficiency improvement
• Benchmarking energy efficiency and program
  support
• Integrated assessment of energy efficiency
  opportunities, productivity improvement, and
  pollutant emission reduction
• Assist in development of industrial energy
  efficiency policy instruments
• Evaluate and support industrial energy efficiency
  programs
• Improve modeling of industrial energy use for
  forecasting and scenario analysis

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Major Clients and Users

• U.S. Department of Energy
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
• U.S. Agency for International Development (AID)
• California Energy Commission
• Energy Foundation
• Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
• United Nations
• Pacific Gas Electric Co.
• IEA GHG RD Programme
• State Territorial Air Pollution Program
  Administrators
• Association of Local Air Pollution Control
  Officials
• New York State Energy Research and Development
  Authority
• North-West Energy Efficiency Alliance
• Iowa Energy Center

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Technology and Market Assessment

• Technologies and Best Practices in specific
  industries
• Chemicals - Food
• Iron and Steel - Breweries
• Cement - Wet Corn Milling
• Pulp and Paper - Glass
• Steam and Cogeneration (CHP) - Auto Assembly
• Emerging Technologies
• Cross-cutting
• Sector specific
• Integrated assessment of technologies with
  respect to productivity benefits and pollutant
  emission reduction

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LBNL Approach

• Integrated assessment
• current future
• energy efficiency
• resource efficiency
• economics
• barriers opportunities
• Collaborative projects
• clients
• industries
• RD institutes
• policy makers
• Implementation technology transfer
• outreach
• coordination with clients

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LBNL Approach

• Baseline and Trends
• international comparisons
• trends in production, technology and energy
  use/efficiency
• Technologies and Potentials
• identification of efficient practices and
  technologies
• technical potential of energy and emission
  savings
• economic assessment of measures
• supply curves for energy and emission savings
• use in integrated studies, e.g. Clean Energy
  Futures study (NEMS modeling)

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Economic Potential Energy Efficiency Improvement
U.S. Iron and Steel Industry
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International Best-Practice Comparison Pulp
Paper Industry
Brazil
Actual Practice
Sweden
Best Practice
US
Japan
France
Italy
Germany
UK
Netherlands
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Cement Industry U.S. Energy Trends
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9
8
7
6
5
SEC (GJ/metric ton)
4
3
WET
DRY
2
EITHER
CLINKER
(AVERAGE)
1
CEMENT
0
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
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Energy Star Program

• Energy Star is expanded to include partnerships
  between industries and government
• Energy Star is a voluntary program with over 500
  industrial partners (previously Climate Wise)
• LBNL supports development of the program through
  development of tools
• LBNL involved in development of
• benchmarking
• guides on energy efficiency
• improvement
• estimating program achievement

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Light Industries Breweries
Breweries in the U.S. spend annually 200 Million
on energy U.S. has large breweries which are
relatively efficient. Still, we identified many
opportunities for energy efficiency improvement
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Combined Heat and Power

• Baseline and Trends
• industries
• district heating
• non-traditional clean power generation (power
  recovery)
• Technologies and Potentials
• technology assessment of new technologies
• assessment technical and economic potential for
  CHP
• two models bulk and site-based analysis
• sensitivity analysis of results for economic
  conditions (e.g. tax treatment, operation,
  buy-back tariffs, standby-contracts)

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Industrial Boiler Systems

• Baseline
• focus on steam-intensive industries
• Technologies and Potentials
• identification of efficient practices and
  technologies
• technical potential of energy and emission
  savings
• economic assessment of measures
• supply curves for energy and emission savings

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Benchmarking and International Comparisons

• Approaches
• Physical energy intensity comparisons
• Country or plant benchmarking
• Energy efficiency index comparing actual energy
  use to benchmark energy use
• Carbon emissions intensity index
• Sectors
• Iron and steel - Pulp and paper
• Cement - Chemicals
• International Network for Energy Demand Analysis
  in the Industrial Sector (INEDIS) development
  of methodology for making international
  comparisons

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International Benchmarking Carbon Intensity of
Cement Making
Source LBNL
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Plant-to-Plant Benchmarking Energy Intensity of
Clinker Production
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Benchmarking for Cement Production

• Energy Efficiency Index (EEI) Actual Energy
  Intensity
• Benchmark Energy Intensity
• Actual Energy Intensity
• actual primary energy use for cement making by
  process step
• actual tonnes of cement produced
• Benchmark Energy Intensity
• benchmark primary energy use for cement making
  by process step
• actual tonnes of cement produced

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Emerging Technologies

• Assessment of emerging technologies that are
  currently under development, demonstration or
  early market entry, but are expected to
  contribute substantially to energy savings by
  2010-2015
• Identification of 200 emerging industrial
  technologies
• In-depth characterization of 50 technologies
• potential energy efficiency improvement
• productivity impact
• environmental impact
• economics
• barriers
• Reporting, collaboration with suppliers and users
• International collaboration

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Emerging Technologies - Results

• We are not running out of technologies to improve
  energy efficiency, economic and environmental
  performance, and neither will we in the future.
• Innovative technologies can contribute
  considerably to future GHG emission reduction, at
  no or relatively low costs.
• Many of the technologies have important
  non-energy benefits, ranging from reduced
  environmental impact to improved productivity,
  and reduced capital costs compared to current
  technologies.
• The capital costs for a number of
  energy-efficient technologies may actually be
  cheaper than the conventional technology that
  they displace, e.g. glass batch preheating,
  roller kiln, smelting reduction.

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Clean Energy Futures Study

• Initiated by the U.S. Department of Energy in
  November 1998
• Goal to identify and analyze policies that
  promote efficient and clean energy technologies
  to reduce CO2 emissions and improve oil security
  and air quality
• Structure Analysis undertaken by researchers at
  5 DOE national laboratories with input from
  experts groups
• Published in November 2000

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Scenarios for a Clean Energy Future Industry

• Comprehensive energy efficiency policy to address
• Barriers
• Diversity of industrial sector
• Voluntary Agreements used as umbrella policy
• Character of VAs vary by subsector
• Supported by package of additional policies
• Analysis of 2 policy scenarios
• Moderate
• Advanced
• http//www.ornl.gov/ORNL/Energy_Eff/CEF.htm

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Scenarios for a Clean Energy Future Results -
Carbon Dioxide Emissions
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Clean Energy Futures StudyResults for selected
Industries
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Developing Countries

• Overview
• contribution to GHG emissions by country and
  sector
• review of global studies on future energy use in
  DCs
• Industrial Sub-Sector Trends
• production and technology mix
• energy and GHG emissions
• potentials for efficiency improvement
• International Comparisons of Energy Intensities
• energy intensities and benchmarking
• Policy Options
• identify and assess options for selected
  countries
• develop and assess policy options (e.g. China)
• tools for flexible mechanisms for climate change
  abatement benchmarking of CDM projects

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Developing Countries

• Data Collection and Compilation
• Database
• Assistance in Capacity Building
• International Network for Energy Demand Analysis
  in the Industrial Sector (INEDIS)
• training and collaboration with agencies (e.g.
  China)
• visiting researchers (e.g. Brazil, India, Korea,
  Mexico)
• Outreach
• INEDIS-activities
• presentations at conferences and workshops
  (APERC, Seoul Conference on Energy Use in
  Manufacturing, Earth Technologies)

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Industrial Energy Efficiency Policy in China

• Project sponsored by the China Sustainable Energy
  Program of the Energy Foundation
• Project led by China Energy Conservation
  Association
• First Phase Review of Chinese and International
  Energy Efficiency Policies for Industry
• Focus on international experience with audits,
  benchmarking, information dissemination,
  financial assistance, sector-based targets
• Identify needed implementing regulations for the
  Energy Conservation Law
• Second Phase Pilot Project with the Iron Steel
  Sector in Shandong Province

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China Energy Carbon Scenarios Project

• Capacity building and policy analysis in China on
  energy efficiency and renewable energy.
• Produce alternative renewable energy and energy
  efficiency scenarios for China
• Provide analyses of selected programs and
  policies to implement energy efficiency and
  renewable energy policies.
• Present analysis to leading governmental
  agencies.
• Publicize the results to broader populations in
  China and in developing countries.

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INEDIS Network

• The INEDIS network focuses on analysis of
  industrial energy use and development of a
  database covering 20 countries for each
  industrial subsector
• - top 10 producing countries
• - top 10 growth countries

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IPCC Activities

• Special Report on Emission Scenarios
• development of new baseline emission scenarios
  for future IPCC assessments
• LBNL develops energy end-use part of scenarios
• Special Report on Technology Transfer
• trends, barriers and policies for transfer and
  cooperation in climate change mitigation and
  adaptation technologies
• LBNL heads chapters on industry and sector
  overview
• Third Assessment Report (TAR)
• third overall assessment of the literature on
  climate change
• LBNL heads and works on buildings, industry and
  barriers for adopting GHG mitigation technologies
  and practices

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Future Directions

• Industrial policy development, implementation and
  evaluation
• Integrated assessment of resource efficiency
• energy
• materials
• water
• productivity
• pollutants
• Analysis of RD, technological change and energy
  use
• Modeling and scenario analysis of industrial
  energy use
• Climate change and industry (e.g. flexible
  mechanisms)
• State, federal and international activities

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Contact Information

• Lynn Price
• LKPrice_at_lbl.gov
• [phone]
• Ernst Worrell
• Eworrell_at_lbl.gov
• [phone]
• http//eetd.lbl.gov/ea/IEUA/IEUA.html