Digital Photography

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Digital Photography
Max Hobson Network Computer Repair, AVCTC
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Learner Objectives

• Learn Digital Photography Terms
• Learn the Pros and Cons of Digital Photography
• Learn the uses of digital cameras
• Learn how digital cameras work
• Learn the differences in types of image storage

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Pixel

• PICture Element
• The smallest element of a digitized image

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Megapixel
A unit equal to 1 million pixels
Resolution
The number of Pixels in an image
DPI
Dots Per Inch - The number of dots a printer or
device, such as a monitor can display per linear
inch. Most monitors are at 72 dpi. Most Laser
Printers are from 300 to 1200 dpi.
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JPEG
Joint Photographic Experts Group - A format used
by many digital cameras for storing images. This
format is also used for images on the web and as
email attachments. Caution, this is a lossy
compression that can damage image quality.
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The Pros Consof Going Digital
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Advantage of Film

• Availability - you can always stop in a store and
  buy film, memory cards arent always available.
• Greater picture detail in film - to get the same
  detail you would need to buy a high end digital
  camera
• Film is easy to store - Negatives hold a lot of
  information in a small place.

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• Longevity - Film is a consistent format that does
  not change or deteriorate. Digital formats and
  media can change making your photos inaccessible
  in a few years. Media can degrade and loose data.
• Film cameras are cheaper - Disposable cameras
  cost little more than film
• A mechanical camera does not need batteries
• Film can be scanned if you want to manipulate
  images on a computer.

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Advantages of Digital

• Photos can quickly and easily be emailed
• Once you invest in a digital camera, memory, etc.
  pictures are essentially free
• Instant Feedback -You get better pictures faster
• Making exact duplicates of pictures is quick and
  easy
• Print only the best pictures or only the pictures
  you want

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Cons of Digital

• Traditional film cameras are very reliable
• Shutter Lag - All but very expensive digital
  cameras are slow.
• Batteries, Batteries, BATTERIES! - Digital
  cameras love em!

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Editing Digital Photos

• Free Software Available
• Shareware Software
• Commercial Software

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Free Software
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GIMP

• GIMP
• Free Download from www.gimp.org
• Similar to Adobe PhotoShop
• Steep Learning Curve

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Kodak Easy Share

• Free Download From www.kodak.com
• Easy to use
• Organize Photos
• Fix Red Eye
• Enhance Colors
• Easily Save Photos to CD

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CommercialSoftware
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Adobe PhotoShop

• Available from www.adobe.com
• Expensive
• Very Powerful
• Industry Standard
• Great for Special Effects

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Adobe PhotoShop Elements

• Available from www.adobe.com
• Low Cost about 99
• Powerful
• Often FREE with scanner purchase!

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What Can YouDo With Digital?
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Family Photos
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More family
Vacation Pictures. . .
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Student Projects
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Paint a House
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or a car
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Alter Reality!
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Putting Pictures in Word
Click on the Insert Menu Go to Picture Then
to From File
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Putting Pictures in Word
Your picture is now in Word but the text is not
wrapped around it. To fix that
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Putting Pictures in Word
Right click on the picture. Go to Format Picture
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Putting Pictures in Word
Click on the Layout Tab Then Click on any button
except the In Line With Text Button then click
OK
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Putting Pictures in Word
You can now move your picture freely around the
document and the text will wrap around it.
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How do Digital Cameras Work?
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Digital photographs are made up of hundreds of
thousands or millions of tiny squares called
pixels. Each of these pixels is captured by a
single photosite on the image sensor when you
take the photo.
Jelly Bean Spirit of 76 courtesy of Herman
Goelitz Candy Company Inc. Makers of Jelly Belly
jelly beans.
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The quality of a digital image, whether printed
or displayed on a screen, depends in part on the
number of pixels used to create the image
(sometimes referred to as resolution).
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Some cameras add additional pixels to
artificially inflate the size of the image. You
can do the same thing in an image-editing
program. In most cases this upsizing only makes
the image larger without making it better
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More pixels add detail and sharpen edges. If you
enlarge any digital image enough, the pixels will
begin to show-an effect called pixelization.
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When images are enlarged too much pixelization
occurs
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• The size of a photograph is specified in one of
  two ways
• Dimensions in pixels
• Total number of pixels it contains
• For example, the same image can be said to have
  1800 x 1600 pixels or to contain 2.88-million
  pixels (1800 multiplied by 1600).

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Low-end cameras currently have resolutions around
640 x 480 pixels, although this number constantly
improves. Better cameras, those with one million
or more pixels, are called megapixel cameras and
those with over two million pixels are called
multi-megapixel cameras.
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To make large image files smaller and more
manageable, digital cameras store images in a
format called JPEG after its developer, the Joint
Photographic Experts Group
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The JPEG file format not only compresses images,
it also allows you to specify how much they are
compressed. This is a useful feature because
there is a trade-off between compression and
image quality. Lossy Format
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IMPORTANT! Do not save JPEG images as JPEG images
if you will be modifying it. Use TIFF.
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• The Raw image file format
• An uncompressed format that preserves as much
  detail as possible.
• BIG files
• Some cameras use proprietary
• format

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TIFF Tag Image File Format was developed by Aldus
Corp. to save images created by scanners.
Lossless format BIG files
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MPEG format Motion Picture Export Group A
compressed audio/video format for computers. DVDs
and digital satellite TV use MPEG 2
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Compression
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Lossless Compression Lossless compression
uncompresses an image so its quality matches the
original source LZW - Lempel-Ziv-Welch Used
for GIF TIFF files Compresses from 50 to 90
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Lossy Compression Images loose some data because
they are compressed so much. JPEG
Compression ratios of 101 and 401 are
common Do not work with images in JPEG format
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Image Storage
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With traditional cameras, the film is used both
to record and store the image. With digital
cameras, separate devices perform these two
functions. The image is captured by the image
sensor, then stored in the camera on a storage
device of some kind.
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Both memory cards and magnetic disks are widely
used in digital cameras. Both types of storage
devices share some outstanding features.
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• They are erasable and reusable.
• They are usually removable, so you can remove
  one and plug in another so storage is limited
  only by the number of devices you have
• They can be removed from the camera and plugged
  into the computer or printer to transfer the
  images.

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• Despite their similarities, they also have some
  significant differences
• Magnetic disks have moving parts while flash
  memory cards don't.
• Magnetic disks are usually cheaper (per picture)
  and faster.
• Flash memory cards are smaller, lighter, and
  less prone to damage.

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Types of Memory Cards

• PC Cards
• Compact Flash
• Smart Media
• Memory Sticks
• Multimedia Cards

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Types of Memory Cards
Compact Flash
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Types of Memory Cards
Smart Media Flash
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Types of Memory Cards
Floppy Disk
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Types of Memory Cards
Memory Stick
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Types of Memory Cards
Micro Drive
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Ready to Buy a Digital Camera?
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• Decide Your Needs
• Print, on screen viewing or
• for the Web
• Price
• Features
• Indoors or Outdoors