Title: Presentation on SABC Draft Editorial Policies
1- Presentation on SABC Draft Editorial Policies
- 10 October 2003
2Agenda
- Overview of draft policies
- Process of public consultation
- Response to campaign
- Analysis of submissions received
- Next steps
3Background on the policies (1 of 4)
- On 25 April SABC published a number of draft
editorial policies for public comment - Mandate
- News
- Programming
- Language
- Universal service and Access
- Local content
- Religion
- Education
- Focused on those policies mentioned in the
Broadcasting Act - The policies explain the SABCs approach to
different areas of its performance e.g. how we
will fulfil mandate to broadcast in all official
languages
4Background on the policies (2 of 4)
- Why did the SABC publish these policies?
- Broadcasting Act (as amended) states that the
SABC must develop draft editorial policies, allow
for public comment on them and then submit them
to ICASA within 3 months of conversion - When finalised, these policies will fulfil two
purposes - A guide to editorial staff in their daily
decision making - A guide to the public on what they can expect
from the public broadcaster - The policies did not give detail on schedules or
programme content - they rather provide a high
level description of what can be expected from
the SABC as a public broadcaster - Some policies will replace existing policies
from 1995 which are now outdated while others are
new
5Background on policies (3 of 4)
-
- Scope
- They apply to all SABC content, whether produced
by SABC or not - Where they have particular relevance to either
the commercial or the public broadcasting
division, this is stated - Methodology
- International comparative review
- Review of existing policies against legal and
regulatory requirements - Workshops and brainstorming sessions
- Drafts prepared and circulated for comment
- Responses fed into database
6Background on policies (4 of 4)
-
- Structure
- Draft policies structured to minimise
difficulties in implementation - Clearly stated set of commitments in the draft
policies - Outlined to which areas of the SABC each draft
policy is applicable and how it should be applied - Cross-referred between the policies, when the
same issue is dealt with in more than one policy - Linked each draft policy to legislation,
regulations and PBS mandate - Built in reporting requirements to Board on the
implementation of the policies - Standardised the period of time the policies will
stand - each will be applicable for 5 years and
will then be reviewed by Board - Stated that the policies are underpinned by
certain assumptions, including the structure and
funding of the Corporation. If these assumptions
change, the policies may need to be amended
7Overview of draft policies
- Mandate
- Not strictly one of the draft policies - rather
acts as an introduction to the package of
policies - Outlines SABC understanding of public
broadcasting in SA - therefore a critical
background to the policies - Lays out the core editorial values of the SABC
- Equality
- Editorial independence
- Nation building
- Diversity
- Human Dignity
- Accountability
- Transparency
- Contains the amended Editorial Code
- Lays out the principles of editorial
responsibility and upward referral
8Overview of draft policies
- Programming
- Primarily focused on explaining how we deal with
issues such as the airing of violence, sex and
bad language - This draft policy replaces the Guidelines on
Programme Content which were approved by Board in
1995 - The policy now consistent with the new Code of
Conduct for Broadcasters and also applicable to
radio - Areas covered, include
- Language
- Discrimination and stereotypes
- Violence
- Grief and Suffering
- Children.
- Sex and nudity
- Programme complaints etc
9Overview of draft policies
- News, Current Affairs and Information (1 of 2)
- Explains the SABCs role in providing meaningful
news, current affairs and information programmes
from a South African perspective - Sets out the following commitments for news
practice - We do not allow advertising, commercial,
political or personal issues to influence our
news - We include a range of different views on issues
- We respect peoples right to reply to criticism
- We correct mistakes as soon as possible
- We do not use language that is sexist, racist or
discriminates against any person or group - We always check information and confirm the
accuracy of any report
10Overview of draft policies
- News, Current Affairs and Information (2 of 2)
- We try to ensure fair gender representation and
seek out the views of women - We protect people who provide us with
information. If a court orders us to identify a
source of information, we support the
journalists decision and provide them with legal
help - We respect peoples right to privacy unless it
is in the public interest to reveal information - We cover accidents and disaster with compassion.
We do not show footage of the dead unless there
are compelling reasons to do so - We give full or extended live coverage to events
of national importance - During elections the SABC makes sure that voters
are given sufficient information to enable them
to make informed choices about who to vote for - We comply with the restrictions on the
sponsorship of news and current affairs programmes
11Overview of draft policies
- Language (1 of 5)
- Replaces the Language Policy of 1995
- Policy is founded on the constitutional
imperative to treat all languages equitably and
with respect - Makes series of clear commitments for radio and
TV, formalises many current practices, e.g.
multi-lingual programming, rotation of cognate
languages - General commitments
- Commit to maintaining distinct and separate radio
services in all official languages (and to
allocate resources fairly to each language
service) - Commit to treating all official languages
equitably across the television portfolio,
although we will give more time to more widely
spoken languages - Commit to integrating sign language into
programmes - Commit to accommodate other non-official
languages such as Khoi, Nama and San
12Overview of draft policies
- Language (2 of 5)
- Guidelines on what equitable treatment means
- No guidelines in previous policy
- Policy lays out how the SABC understands
equitability on TV - Means fair, just and reasonable, does not
necessarily mean equal time - Has to be achieved while also making sure
broadcasts are accessible to as many viewers as
possible - more time for more widely understood
languages - Equitability is achieved through both unilingual
and multilingual programming and by rotating
cognate languages - Is measured by a number of criteria
- time allocation to different languages
- scheduling of different language programmes when
audiences are available - range of programmes in different languages
- resourcing of programmes in different languages
13Overview of draft policies
- Language (3 of 5)
- Guidelines on time allocation
- No guidelines for time allocation in previous
policy - Policy now makes explicit the factors that will
be taken into account when time allocations for
different languages are devised for TV - In determining allocations of time to different
languages on television, the SABC has due regard
to - The number of home language speakers of a
language in the coverage area of a channel - The geographical spread of the language
- The extent to which members of a language
community are able to understand other languages - The extent of marginalisation of the language
- The extent to which a language is understood by
other South Africans
14Overview of draft policies
- Language (4 of 5)
- Specific commitments
-
- Radio language services to broadcast news and
current affairs, childrens programmes and
educational material - TV to provide news in all official languages
- TV to also focus on producing drama and
childrens educational programmes in various
languages - Selected TV news and events of national
importance to carry sign language - to be
expanded progressively
15Overview of draft policies
- Language (5 of 5)
- Specific commitments (cont)
-
- Management to submit an annual 3 year language
action plan that includes - Future goals arising from the policy
- Summary of previous years TV airtime per
language per genre (including sign language) - A summary of the findings of any relevant
research conducted - A summary of professional development programmes
implemented to meet the competence and skills
needs of implementing this policy - A summary of investigations conducted into the
use of technology and the applications of
technologies to implement this language policy - Highlights to be included in Annual Report
16Overview of draft policies
- Universal Service and Access (1 of 4)
- Policy describes the SABCs approach to achieving
universal service and access - Aims to facilitate the provision of a
comprehensive end-to-end public broadcasting
service for all South Africans - SABC has not had policy on this subject before,
therefore the policy defines universal service
and access and sets aims for its achievement - Proposed definition
- The provision of a range of audio and video
broadcasting services to citizens. The services
shall include, but are not limited to, radio and
television programmes that cater for information,
cultural, religious and educational needs and are
delivered via the most appropriate technical
means available at an affordable cost to
broadcasters and audiences alike.
17Overview of draft policies
- Universal Service and Access (2 of 4)
- SABC Aims for Broadcasting Universal Service and
Access - To ensure that all South Africans have access to
a broadcasting service - To ensure that a radio service in each official
language, providing a range of programmes is
broadcast (initially to reach at least 80 of the
speakers of each language) - Thereafter, to ensure that audiences have access
to a range of radio services in a variety of
official languages - To ensure that at least two public service
channels, providing a range of programming in a
variety of official languages are broadcast
(initially to reach at least 90 of the
population)
18Overview of draft policies
- Universal Service and Access (3 of 4)
- Factors to be taken into account when considering
the expansion of a service - The extent of the proposed coverage
- The number of people to reached by that expansion
- The extent of need of those people
- The cost of the expansion
- The nature of the service to be provided by the
expansion - Frequency spectrum availability
19Overview of draft policies
- Universal Service and Access (4 of 4)
- Commitments
- Management to determine responsibility in the
SABC for driving the implementation of this
policy - Management to submit to board an annual 3 year
action plan, including - A report of the Universal Service and Access
achievements against the stated aims, including
reasons - A breakdown of the services extended the
previous year, including increase in population
coverage and cost - Highlights to be published in Annual Report
20Overview of draft policies
- Local content
- SABC has not had policy on local content before
- This policy outlines the SABCs commitment to
airing local content on radio and TV, in line
with ICASAs prescribed quotas - Policy contains relevant ICASA definitions and
outlines responsibility within SABC to track and
report on compliance - General commitments
- To ensure that local TV content is a significant
and visible part of the SABCs schedules,
throughout the broadcasting period, and in prime
time, in line with the quotas prescribed by ICASA - To ensure that the SABC commissions a significant
amount of its local television content from the
independent production industry, in line with the
quotas prescribed by ICASA - To continue to play a high level and wide variety
of SA music across the SABC radio stations, in
line with the quotas prescribed by ICASA
21Overview of draft policies
- Religion
- Replaces previous Board policy
- Largely consistent with previous policy - two
major changes - Quotas of airtime for major religious groupings
have been taken out of the policy - We now state that these quotas are developed on
a 3 yearly basis after consultation with the RBP - We lay out criteria to be considered when
determining airtime allocations Census data on
the of population in each religious group, the
need for all religions to be reflected in
religious programming etc - A clause allowing airtime to be purchased by
religious groups has been inserted, with a number
of checks - detailed operational guidelines to be
developed
22Overview of draft policies
- Education (1 of 3)
- Replaces Board policy of 1995
- Sets out the framework within which the SABC
implements its educational mandate and responds
to the national literacy and skills development
challenge - General commitments
- To provide range of quality educational
programming including programmes that support
curriculum based activities of the education and
training sectors and programmes that support
public education - To ensure that PBS stations and channels
dedicate adequate airtime to educational
programmes that are scheduled at appropriate
times. At least one TV channel to screen
programmes specifically in support of school
curricula and this to be supplemented by PBS
radio
23Overview of draft policies
- Education (2 of 3)
- General commitments (cont)
- To ensure that commercial services support a
culture of lifelong learning through informal
knowledge building initiatives relevant to their
target audience and format - To provide educational programmes in various
official languages and sign language - To broadcast a significant amount of locally
produced educational material - To implement a coherent education methodology
that incorporates a multimedia approach - To supplement educational methodologies through
outreach programmes - To ensure that sufficient resources are
dedicated to implement the educational mandate
24Overview of draft policies
- Education (3 of 3)
- Implementation
- SABC will develop annual three year action plan
which identifies education priorities, including
hours of programming for each of the educational
mandate areas - Educational mandate areas which have been
identified are - Early childhood development
- Children at Home
- Formal education
- Youth development
- Adult and Human Resources development
- Public Education
25Process for public consultation
- Challenge - to make the policies widely
accessible and easily understandable - Policies launched to key stakeholders and press
on 25 April - Copies of draft policies made available at all
SABC regional offices together with detailed,
easy to read summaries in six official languages - Copies of the policies accessible on SABC
website and intranet in all official languages. - Full page ads, summarising policies and inviting
people to comment in Rapport, City Press, Sunday
Sun, Beeld, Daily Sun, Illanga, The Herald, Daily
Dispatch - In order to reach rural areas
- Detailed easy to read summaries of the policies
distributed to over 1000 post offices
countrywide, in six official languages - Poster campaign in 6 languages in post offices
26Process for public consultation
- Use of own media
- Promos ran on SABC radio stations and TV
channels until early May intensively, and on a
more low key basis thereafter - SABC talk shows and discussion programmes were
used to promote discussion on the policies until
June 13 - Public meetings
- Held public meetings in each of the 9 provinces
- Between 200 and 500 people attended each meeting
- Gave public the opportunity to interact directly
with members of the SABC board and management. - Comments on policies had to be made in writing
- Drop-off at regional offices
- e-mail, fax or post
27Response to campaignPublicity
- Editorial coverage
- Focus in print media overwhelmingly on the upward
referral and objectivity issue. 20 newspaper
columns on upward referral alone - SABC talkshows and discussion programmes
encouraged discussion on all aspects of the
policies.
28 Response to campaign Submissions
- Excellent response by the public to the SABCs
call for comments on its draft policies. 920
written submissions on the draft policies
received. 847 from individuals, 73 from
organisations. Lots of goodwill in responses
ownership of SABC - The programming policy attracted the most number
of comments with 600. The next most commented on
policy was Language and then Religion and News.
29 Response to campaign Submissions
- Most comments on the policies were general in
nature with many comments on issues of taste and
decency but there were approximately 250 specific
suggestions on how the policies should be
adjusted.
30 Response to campaign Submissions
- The nature of the organisational submissions
differed with those made by individuals. The
submissions by individuals tended to focus on
general comments and frequently did not
specifically address the draft policies.
31 Response to campaign Submissions
- The organisations submissions tended to have
comments more evenly spread among the policies.
The policy which was commented on the least by
organisations was the Universal Access policy,
with the Language, Programming and Mandate
policies receiving the most attention.
32Analysis of submissions Education
Children need stimulation in their own
language...Programmes like Takalani Sesame should
not have various languages mixed in one rather
keep languages separate and coherent. N. Oelson,
no.556
- Comments received
- 60 comments were received on the Education
policy which amounted to 4 of the total comments
received on all policies. - There was a lot of praise for the SABCs
educational programmes, particularly Takalani
Sesame. - There were many calls for the SABC to provide
more educational programmes. - There were criticisms that some of the SABCs
educational programmes encourage children to be
immoral.
33Analysis of submissions Education
- Comments received
- There were suggestions that educational
programmes should also focus more on addressing
disability issues and health issues such as
HIV/Aids. - Some submissions suggested that all educational
programmes be in English and some submissions
argued against a multi-lingual approach in
educational programmes, saying that each language
should have a dedicated slot. - It was suggested the policy should state that
extreme caution must be exercised in sponsoring
educational programmes and also proposed that the
policy include reference to child-centered human
rights issues such as HIV / Aids and child abuse. - Submissions said the policy should state the
importance of democracy / citizenship education. - There were suggestions that the policy give more
emphasis to the portrayal of women and girl
children and that a clause be included on the
promotion of gender equality. - There was criticism that the policy needs to have
specific concrete measures so that progress can
be evaluated.
34Analysis of submissions Language
We are also tired of being made fools. Muvhango
is not a Venda drama. F Mbedzi, no. 575
- Comments received
- 221 comments received on the draft Language
policy 16 of total comments received on all
policies. - That the SABC should treat all official
languages equally (not equitably) - That there should be more programming in
marginalised languages and that there should be
redress for these language groupings - That the size of the language grouping should
be the only criterion which determines the amount
of air-time for that language
35Analysis of submissions Language
- Comments received
- Submissions called for the policy to commit to
targets for airtime for each language. - Submissions asked that a commitment to a
budget allocation for various languages be
included in the policy. - There was the suggestion that the policy include
a commitment that English will not dominate on
the SABC and that it will not be used as an
anchor language. - Many deaf organisations made the submission that
the policy should reflect that a holistic
approach is needed for meeting the needs of the
deaf and that sign language alone is not good
enough. There was also the suggestion that the
policy commit to providing sub-titles in all
official languages. - There was the suggestion that the policy be
reviewed every year, and not every 5 years. - It was suggested that the policy commit to
covering events of national importance in at
least 6 languages. - Submissions suggested that the grouping of
cognate languages together be approached with
caution and that the policy reflect this.
36Language Current Performance
- Airtime for African languages in prime time has
increased since 1999, from approximately 25 to
30, across SABC 1 and SABC 2. - Now providing television news in each official
language, for the first time. - Clearly still gains to be made. Regional
channels will be of great assistance. SABC
envisages that over time the majority of content
on the regional channels will be in languages
other than English.
37Analysis of submissions Local content
In regard to local content, the current draft is
inadequate in regard to radio. It could do well
to spell out local content commitments that
encompass drama, documentaries and participatory
programming. Rhodes University, Department of
Journalism and Media Studies, no. 902.
- Comments received
- 69 comments received on the draft Local Content
policy 5 of total comments received on all
policies. - That the SABC should re-build the necessary
in-house capacity to produce local content - That there should be more local drama
- That ICASAs quotas should be exceeded
- That the SABC should commit to local content
quotas beyond music on radio.
38Local Content Current Performance
- Local content on television
- To date, SABC has been able to sustain high
levels of local content, both in the performance
period and in prime time
39Local Content Current Performance
- Local content
- As of end August, local content quotas have
increased substantially public channels must
now have average of 55 and may only count local
repeats at 50 of their duration for a limited
number of screenings after which local repeats
must be counted as foreign content.
40Analysis of submissions Mandate
We strongly recommend that reference to upward
referral, particularly as it turns the CEO into
the Editor-in-Chief should be totally discarded.
What we suggest is to have the highest level of
referral being the Head of News Freedom of
Expression Institute, no. 928
- Much of public discourse on the draft has
focused on the issue of upward referral.
Personally, I find the positions articulated in
the draft, and in explanatory comment by the
Board and Management, both cogent and logical. J
Netshitenzi, no. 911 - On the matter of upward referral, we believe it
is simply normal that a hierarchy of authority
must exist in a journalistic enterprise. A
reporter is not the same as an editor, and
editors have rank in turn. The buck stops with
the editors-in-chief. But these should be
journalistic staff, not management. Perhaps the
solution is as simple as not referring to the CEO
as editor-in-chief, and making the MD news the
mandatory referral point for high impact issues.
Democratic Alliance, no.889
41Analysis of submissions Mandate
- Comments received
- 90 comments were received on the Mandate policy
which amounted to 7 of total comments received.
Although more comments were received from
individuals than organisations on this policy (57
from individuals vs 33 from organisations) this
is the only policy where specific recommendations
outweighed general comments. - On the issue of upward referral there were
contrasting submissions. Some argued that the
current provisions should remain as is while
others stated that the section should be deleted
in its entirety. Many submissions argued that the
current formulation should be revised to make it
clear that upward referral stops with the
editorial heads. - Submissions were generally supportive of the
editorial values although there was the view that
these values should not bind the news division as
they would undermine its independence. - There were suggestions that provisions be
included on the SABCs role in supporting the
African renaissance and in providing truly
national coverage. - There were suggestions that the following
provisions in the Code be reworked to be clearer
privacy, coverage of government, protection of
sources.
42Analysis of submissions News
The working class hardly ever makes it onto SABC
news and current affairs programmes. COSATU,
no.886 The news footage of violence death and
destruction needs to be kept to an absolute
minimum. B Richert, no. 591
- Comments received
- 119 comments were received on the News policy
which amounted to 9 of total comments received. - There were many calls for CNN to be brought back
and for the SABC 3 news to be moved back to 8pm.
(These comments are probably indicative of the
fact that the policy process took place at the
same time as these issues were being dealt with). - There were calls for non-Western news networks
such as Al Jazeera to also be used by the SABC
but there was also opposition to such networks. - There were criticisms of the SABCs news coverage
of certain provinces, particularly the more rural
ones.
43Analysis of submissions News
- Comments received
- There were calls for more positive news stories
to be given airtime and there were appeals for
less violence in news bulletins. - It was suggested that the SABCs role in news
should emphasise its independence above other
principles. - It was suggested the policy should not refer to
the role of news in nation-building as this is
more appropriately the role of the state. - It was suggested that the policy include a
clause on the coverage of Africa. - It was suggested that the policy include a
clause on the coverage of crime stating that
there should be a context and explanation in
reporting of crime. - It was suggested that the policy explain the
decision making structure around apologies and
corrections. - There were calls for additional clauses on
gender issues to be included in the policy. - There were suggestions that the policy should
provide for more positive coverage, particularly
of government initiatives. - There were calls for the term public interest
to be defined or not to be used at all.
44Analysis of submissions Programming
- I am writing to view my shock at what is aired
over 5fm airways during family friendly hours. A
week ago Mark Gillman said to a 14 year old kid
at about 7am Does your Dad ever take a swing at
you? I hope you have a wall behind you when he
does. This is unacceptable and I want to know
why he is allowed to continue with such
behavior. (Craig French)
- Comments received
- 600 comments were received on the Programming
policy which amounted to 45 of total comments
received on all policies. 536 of the comments
were general in nature, with only 22 of these
general comments from organisations. 64 specific
suggestions were made on the policy. - There were many complaints about sex, violence,
profanity and sci-fi shows. - There were complaints that too many adverts are
broadcast. - There were many complaints about the recent
changes to SAFM and there were many appeals for
there not to be changes to RSG.
45Analysis of submissions Programming
- Comments received
- There was the view that the policy should
provide for an independent ombudsperson against
whom complaints can be lodged. There was also a
suggestion that the BCCSA be asked to administer
complaints against the SABCs policies. There was
an appeal that the complaints be dealt with
quicker, that quarterly complaints report be sent
to board and be made public. Another suggestion
was that members of the public assist the
Broadcast Compliance team or that a toll free
number be provided for the lodging of complaints. - There were suggestions that the watershed be
moved later. - There were suggestions that the policy provide
for profanity to be edited out or for additional
provisions on profanity including a dedicated
symbol. - Submissions suggested that the clause on
children allow for participation by children in
developing programmes and a commitment to provide
a variety of genres for children. - There was a suggestion that the policy commit to
showing less violence.
46Analysis of submissions Religion
We appreciate to see programmes of all religions
such as Hindi, Islam etc. But why should
Christianity still dominate even today? N
Tshabalala, no. 557
- Comments received
- 141 comments were received on the Religion
policy which amounted to 10 of total comments
received on all policies - There were suggestions that the only criterion
in the policy for allocating airtime should be
the amount of support for each religion and that
these quotas be stated in the policy. However,
there was also the submission that the policy
allow for each religion to be treated equally.
47Analysis of submissions Religion
- Comments received
- There was both support for and opposition to the
policys emphasis on multi-faith programmes. The
RBP suggested that the policy stipulate that 80
of each religions programming will be made up of
faith specific programming. - There were suggestions that the policy emphasise
affirmative action on religion but there were
also suggestions that there was no need to
address the past. - There was both support for the concept of paid
religious broadcasting and criticism of this.
48Analysis of submissions Universal Service and
Access
All technological know-how should be harnessed
so that citizens gain access. P Kondile, no. 642
- Comments received
- 59 comments were received on the Universal
Service and Access policy which amounted to 4 of
total comments received on all policies. In real
terms, this policy attracted the least number of
specific suggestions only 9. - There were a number of complaints received about
the lack of services in particular areas,
particularly in rural areas.
49Analysis of submissions Universal Service and
Access
- Comments received
- There was the suggestion that the policy state
how marginalised groupings will be given access
and that it give more attention to promoting
access by people with disabilities, including the
blind. - Submissions suggested that the policy emphasise
that the goal of universal access takes
precedence over economic efficiency. - There was a suggestion that the universal
service coverage targets laid out in the policy
are not high enough. - There was the view that the terms access and
service need to be dealt with distinctly.
50Next steps
- Full report has been made to top management and
Board (early October) - Board has approved that the policies be
re-worked in certain areas. These include - Mandate (upward referral)
- Consolidated approach to meeting the needs of
the deaf - Clauses on privacy, protection of sources, race,
gender, disability, HIV/ Aids, Children, Africa,
crime, reporting between elections etc - Scheduling of educational programmes
- Dealing with complaints ombudsperson?
- Role of the RBP
- Internal workshops to be held during October /
November suggestions will be discussed and
re-drafting will be agreed on. - Board to approve final policies in December
- Policies to be submitted to ICASA before 31
December - Publicity campaign providing feedback to public
to resume in December. - Training programmes on new policies will
roll-out in January
51Conclusion
- Campaign successful - exceeded SABC
expectations. - Had to run campaign within severe constraints
including very tight time-table, budget
constraints, fairly arbitrary list of policies in
the Broadcasting Act, DoC consultation on similar
issues at the same time. - Key success achieved a certain amount of
goodwill amongst stakeholders and public. - Key challenge going forward - to meet their
expectations.
52Thank you