Inside Earth: Chapter 1 Plate Tectonics

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Inside Earth Chapter 1- Plate Tectonics

• Section 1 Earths Interior

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Guide For Reading

• What does a geologist do?
• What are the main layers of Earths surface?
• What are the characteristics of Earths crust,
  mantle, and core?

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What caused a 2.5 square kilometer landmass to
form in the ocean off the coast of Iceland in
1963?

• An erupting volcano underneath the ocean caused
  an island form and to continually to grow in size
  for many years

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What did the Icelanders name this landmass? Who
did they name it after?

• Icelanders named their new landmass Surtsey the
  god of fire

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The Science of Geology
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A scientist who studies the forces that make and
shape planet Earth are called ______.

• geologists

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Geologists study the _____ and _____
characteristics of ______, the material that
forms the surface of Earth.

• Chemical
• Physical
• Rock

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Since the 1700s the study of planet Earth is
known as _______.

• Geology

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Geologists divide the forces that change the
earths surface into two groups _____ _____
_____ _____.

• Constructive forces
• Destructive forces

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The force that builds up mountains and other
landforms is known as a ______.

• Constructive Force

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List some other examples of this type of a
constructive force.

• Islands from volcanoes
• Flooding
• Weather (also destructive)

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The force that slowly wears away at mountains and
eventually, every other feature on the surface of
Earth is known as a _____ force.

• Destructive force

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List some examples of this type of force.

• Ocean waves
• Weathering
• Earthquakes

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Continent

• A Landmass that is surrounded by water on all
  sides
• Earth has seven continents

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Figure 2 Observing What are the geologists in
each picture doing?

• The geologist in the top picture are studying the
  characteristics of a cave
• The geologist in the bottom picture is
  investigating rock layers

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Geologists examine the layers of Earth to answer
what three questions?

• How old is Earth?
• How has Earths surface changed over time?
• Why are there oceans, and how did they form?

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Checkpoint What kind of indirect evidence do
geologists use to study the structure of Earth?

• Geologists record seismic waves and study how
  they travel through Earth

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Guide For Reading What does a geologist do?

• Geologists study the processes that create
  Earths features and search for clues about
  Earths history.

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A Journey to the Center of the Earth
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Describe the features of a vehicle that would be
needed to travel to the center of Earth.

• A drill
• A pressure detecting device
• A temperature detecting device
• A device that detects composition

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Describe the temperature change that takes place
as the depth inside Earth increases.

• Rock near the surface would be cool
• About 20 meters down the rock gets warmer
• For every 40 meters that descends a temperature
  increases 1C

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The force pushing on a surface or area is known
as _______.

• Pressure

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Why does the pressure increase as you go deeper
into Earth?

• The pressure increases as you go deeper inside
  the earth because amount and weight of the rock
  increases

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Figure 4 Comparing Contrasting How is the
water in the swimming pool similar to Earths
interior? How is it different?

• The deeper the water in the pool, the greater the
  pressure, just as pressure is greater the deeper
  you go beneath the surface of Earth
• The water in the pool does not have layers

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Guide For Reading What are the main layers of
Earths surface?

• The three main layers make up Earths interior
• The crust
• The mantle
• The core
• Each layer has its own conditions and materials

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The Crust
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The ____ is a layer of rock that forms Earths
outer skin.

• Crust

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What would you expect to find covering the
earths crust?

• Rock
• Soil
• Water

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The crust is divided into two types, the dry land
or the _____ crust and the ocean floor called the
_____ crust.

• Continental
• Oceanic

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The _____ crust is made of _____, a dark, dense
rock with fine texture.

• Oceanic
• Basalt

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The ______ crust is made of ______, which is made
of larger crystals, is less dense and is lighter
in color.

• Continental
• Granite

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Figure 5 Comparing Contrasting-Which rock
looks as if its made up of one material? of
Several materials?

• The basalt looks like its made of one material
• The granite looks like its made of several
  materials.

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The Mantle
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A layer of hot rock that is found at a depth of
between 5 and 40 kilometers beneath the surface
is called the ______.

• Mantle

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What are the two sub-layers of the mantle?
Define each sub-layer.

• Lithosphere The upper most mantle and the crust
  form a solid rigid
• Asthenosphere The soft portion of the mantle in
  which the lithosphere floats

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Checkpoint How does the material of the
asthenosphere differ from the material of the
lithosphere?

• The material in the asthenosphere is somewhat
  soft and can bend like plastic, while the
  material of the lithosphere is solid and rigid.

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The Core
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The two sub-layers of the core are ______
______.

• Inner core
• Outer core

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What are the major differences between the outer
and inner core?

• The outer core behaves like liquid iron and
  nickel
• The inner core is a dense ball of solid iron and
  nickel
• The pressure is so great that the iron and nickel
  cant spread out into a liquid

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What characteristics cause geologists to consider
the inner and outer cores as part of one layer
instead of as two separate layers?

• Great pressure
• Both made of iron and nickel
• temperature

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Sharpen Your Skills Creating Data Tables Imagine
that you have invented a super-strong vehicle
that can resist extremely high pressure as it
bores a tunnel deep into Earths interior. You
stop several times on your trip to collect data
using devices located on your vehicles outer
hull. To see what conditions you would find at
various depths on your journey, refer to
Exploring Earths Interior on pages 22-23.
Complete the table below.
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Sharpen Your Skills Creating Data Tables Imagine
that you have invented a super-strong vehicle
that can resist extremely high pressure as it
bores a tunnel deep into Earths interior. You
stop several times on your trip to collect data
using devices located on your vehicles outer
hull. To see what conditions you would find at
various depths on your journey, refer to
Exploring Earths Interior on pages 22-23.
Complete the table below.
44
Sharpen Your Skills Creating Data Tables Imagine
that you have invented a super-strong vehicle
that can resist extremely high pressure as it
bores a tunnel deep into Earths interior. You
stop several times on your trip to collect data
using devices located on your vehicles outer
hull. To see what conditions you would find at
various depths on your journey, refer to
Exploring Earths Interior on pages 22-23.
Complete the table below.
45
Sharpen Your Skills Creating Data Tables Imagine
that you have invented a super-strong vehicle
that can resist extremely high pressure as it
bores a tunnel deep into Earths interior. You
stop several times on your trip to collect data
using devices located on your vehicles outer
hull. To see what conditions you would find at
various depths on your journey, refer to
Exploring Earths Interior on pages 22-23.
Complete the table below.
46
Sharpen Your Skills Creating Data Tables Imagine
that you have invented a super-strong vehicle
that can resist extremely high pressure as it
bores a tunnel deep into Earths interior. You
stop several times on your trip to collect data
using devices located on your vehicles outer
hull. To see what conditions you would find at
various depths on your journey, refer to
Exploring Earths Interior on pages 22-23.
Complete the table below.
47
Sharpen Your Skills Creating Data Tables Imagine
that you have invented a super-strong vehicle
that can resist extremely high pressure as it
bores a tunnel deep into Earths interior. You
stop several times on your trip to collect data
using devices located on your vehicles outer
hull. To see what conditions you would find at
various depths on your journey, refer to
Exploring Earths Interior on pages 22-23.
Complete the table below.
48
Sharpen Your Skills Creating Data Tables Imagine
that you have invented a super-strong vehicle
that can resist extremely high pressure as it
bores a tunnel deep into Earths interior. You
stop several times on your trip to collect data
using devices located on your vehicles outer
hull. To see what conditions you would find at
various depths on your journey, refer to
Exploring Earths Interior on pages 22-23.
Complete the table below.
49
Sharpen Your Skills Creating Data Tables Imagine
that you have invented a super-strong vehicle
that can resist extremely high pressure as it
bores a tunnel deep into Earths interior. You
stop several times on your trip to collect data
using devices located on your vehicles outer
hull. To see what conditions you would find at
various depths on your journey, refer to
Exploring Earths Interior on pages 22-23.
Complete the table below.
50
Sharpen Your Skills Creating Data Tables Imagine
that you have invented a super-strong vehicle
that can resist extremely high pressure as it
bores a tunnel deep into Earths interior. You
stop several times on your trip to collect data
using devices located on your vehicles outer
hull. To see what conditions you would find at
various depths on your journey, refer to
Exploring Earths Interior on pages 22-23.
Complete the table below.
51
Sharpen Your Skills Creating Data Tables Imagine
that you have invented a super-strong vehicle
that can resist extremely high pressure as it
bores a tunnel deep into Earths interior. You
stop several times on your trip to collect data
using devices located on your vehicles outer
hull. To see what conditions you would find at
various depths on your journey, refer to
Exploring Earths Interior on pages 22-23.
Complete the table below.
52
Sharpen Your Skills Creating Data Tables Imagine
that you have invented a super-strong vehicle
that can resist extremely high pressure as it
bores a tunnel deep into Earths interior. You
stop several times on your trip to collect data
using devices located on your vehicles outer
hull. To see what conditions you would find at
various depths on your journey, refer to
Exploring Earths Interior on pages 22-23.
Complete the table below.
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(No Transcript)
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Earths Magnetic Field
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Figure 7 Relating Cause Effect If you
shifted the magnet beneath the paper, what would
happen to the iron filings?

• The iron filings would move with the magnet,
  again forming the same pattern above the magnets
  new position.

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What happens in Earths interior to produce
Earths magnetic field?

• Currents in the liquid outer core force the solid
  inner core to spin
• Like a planet within a planet, the inner core
  spins inside Earth at a slightly faster rate than
  the rest of the planet

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Describe the layers of the interior where the
magnetic field is produced.

• The outer core is made of iron and nickel
• This layer performs like a liquid
• The inner core is a solid dense ball of iron and
  nickel
• When the pressure from the outer core cause the
  inner core to spin the magnetic field occurs