Introduction to Embedded System

1
Lecture 01

• Introduction to Embedded System
• DateSep,07,2008

This course is supported by Andes Technology
Corp. Thanks to The sponsorship of Mediatek
2
Embedded System-An Introduction

• What is it?
• How to use it in application ?(see sensor network
  as modern application)
• Normally used application (examples)
• What is Embedded Software
• ESP
• ES OS and RTOS
• Hard real time
• Soft real time
• Design Consideration
• Design Methodology
• SoC /SiP and Embedded System
• ISP (RISC CISC)
• VLIW
• DSP

3
Applications in All Aspects of Life
Slide from Intel Presentation
4
Example of Embedded Systemswith Wireless
Technology

• Why networked embedded systems?
• Background
• Technology
• reaching a point where it can significantly
  impact ourdaily lives
• Components
• Low power processors RF, MEMs and new sensors
• Application
• Combines and enables orthogonal progress
  spikes in many other fields
• Medical applications,
• understanding nature more
• Ubiquitous
• Intelligent environments, smart offices,
  optimized assembly lines etc
• opportunities with current technologies,
• things up to your imagination
• Combo interface to other disciplines

5
Embedded Systems! What are Those?
6
Different Systems

• Systems signal processing
• radar, sonar, real-time video, set-top boxes, DVD
  players, medical equipment, residential gateways
• Systems critical mission required
• avionics, space-craft control, nuclear plant
  control
• Control distributed system
• mass transit systems, elevators in large
  buildings, network routers switches
• Systems portable
• cellular phones, pagers, home appliances, toys,
  smart cards, MP3/ MP4,PMP, PDAs, digital cameras
  (DSC) camcorders, smart badges , sensors

7
Trendsmarket tidbits

• CPU every where
• Computation combined conventional devices Benz,
  BMW need 180s above in the new models
• engine emissions control, stability traction
  control, diagnostics, gearless automatic
  transmission, Fuel injection,ABS
• http//www.howstuffworks.com/car-computer.htm
• More More embedded devices will replace PC/NB
• Smart phones ,PMP, setup box, IAD, routers
• 2002 will be of 50for access devices
• 1997 IAD were 96 in US were PC
• 2004 or earlier shipping will exceed PCs.

8
Examples

• Signal processing systems
• radar, sonar, real-time video, set-top boxes, DVD
  players, medical equipment, residential gateways
• Systems
• avionics, space-craft control, nuclear plant
  control
• Distributed control
• network routers switches, mass transit systems,
  elevators in large buildings
• Small systems
• cellular phones, pagers, home appliances, toys,
  smart cards, MP3 players, PDAs, digital cameras
  and camcorders, sensors, smart badges

9
CPU Distribution

• Estimated 98 of 8 Billion CPUs produced in 2000
  used for embedded apps

10
Embedded Systems

• Characteristics
• Part of a larger system may have no KB ,Monitor,
  or LCM,TFT
• Specific function instead of general purposed
• a priori in applications
• concurrent definition development
• Re-programmability is required for flexibility
  in upgrading, bug fixing, product
  differentiation, product customization
• Interact (sense, manipulate, communicate) with
  the external world
• Nonstop operation ideally never terminate
• Constrain latency/ throughput (time), power,
  area ,size, weight, heat, reliability
• high-performance Increased (DSP) networked

11
Modern Talkson Trend

• computation demands increased
• multimedia processing in set-top boxes,
  HDTV,GPS,PMP,Games
• networked requirement increased
• eliminating host, remotely monitor/debug
• embedded Web servers
• e.g. Mercedes Benz with web server
• e.g web servers on wireless cameras, projectors
• embedded Java virtual machines (JVM)
• e.g. Java ring, smart cards, printers,smart
  phones
• Camcorder cameras, NAS,disks etc. that sit
  directly on networks
• need for flexibility increased
• time-to-market under ever changing standards!
• Need careful co-design of h/w s/w!

12
Traditional Software
Embedded Systems CPU RTOS
13
Traditional Hardware
Embedded Systems ASIC

• ASIC Features
• Area 4.6 mm x 5.1 mm
• Speed 20 MHz _at_ 10 Mcps
• Technology HP 0.5 mm
• Power 16 mW - 120 mW (mode dependent) _at_ 20 MHz,
  3.3 V
• Avg. Acquisition Time 10 ms to 300 ms

• A direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) receiver
  ASIC (UCLA)
• source courtesy of UCLA

14
Modern Embedded Systems

• The systems employ a combination of
• h/w with application-specified (boards, ASICs,
  FPGAs etc.)
• Performance (timing, speed), low power, small
  size
• s/w on prog. processors DSPs, ?controllers etc.
• flexibility, complexity
• actuators or (mechanical transducers /MEMS)