Regional Disparities in Hmong Homeownership

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Regional Disparities in Hmong Homeownership

• Finding a Shared Vision of Revitalization
• for Central Valleys Hmong Community
• Fresno, California, April 11, 2005
• Richard Todd
• Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis
• The views expressed here are those of the
  presenters and not necessarily those of the
  Federal Reserve Banks of Minneapolis or San
  Francisco or those of the Federal Reserve System.

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(No Transcript)
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Income Skills Homeownership?
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Young Hmong Households LedRise in Homeownership
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Hmong Now Track the Typical Immigrant Movement
into Homeownership
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But Central Valley Ownership Still Lags
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1990 CV Similar to Mn.-Wisc.
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2000 CV Lags in Income, Jobs, Skills
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Average CV Unemployment High in 1990s
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Resulting Low Income Partly Explains Low Home
Ownership in Central Valley
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But 2000 Income Not a Full Explanation
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In 1990s, Fresno Home Prices Affordable but
Falling
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Minnesota Wisconsin Promoted Employment in
Their Strong Economies

• Wisconsins Key States Initiative promoted
  employment and two-earner families, and
  Wisconsins public assistance cut back
• Minnesotas public assistance tried new
  transition to work programs in early 1990s
• Need more information on how programs differed by
  state and how the differences in programs and job
  markets affected employment and home ownership

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Differences in Nonprofit Services?

• Need more and better evidence, but
• Awareness of Hmong may be higher in Midwest, as
  Hmong are high percent of refugees there and have
  achieved success in politics
• HND survey of Mutual Assistance Assns (2002)
  shows more MAAs in Midwest than West, and with
  more total funding and more support from
  foundations. Only Midwest MAAs seem to offer
  counseling on homeownership.
• Wisconsin MAAs important partners in Key States
  Initiative

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Selective Migration Evidence from California
Migration, 1995-2000
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Other SE Asian-American Gaps Not as Big in
Central Valley Cambodians
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Other SE Asian-American Gaps Not as Big in
Central Valley Lao
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Other SE Asian-American Gaps Not as Big in
Central Valley Vietnamese
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Have Central Valley Hmong Started to Catch Up on
Homeownership Since 2000?
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Questions?
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Review Young Hmong Households Led Rise in
Homeownership
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Minnesota Young Lead, All Increase
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Wisconsin Young Lead, All Increase
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Other MSAs Youngest Oldest Lead
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Central Valley Young Increase Some, Old Lag