Edible Landscapes: Gardening Around the House

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Edible LandscapesGardening Around the House

• Craig Andersen
• Dept of Horticulture
• Extension Horticulture Specialist
• Vegetables

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Edible Landscapes Old or New?

• Gaius Plinius Secundas (Pliny the Elder)
• Born 23 CE died Aug 24, 79 CE , at
• Mt. Versuvius, but be careful!
• Locavore word of the year 2007!
• Victory Gardens

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USDA / CES

• Morrill Act 1864 USDA
• Smith Lever Act 1914
• Coop Ext Service
• National War Garden Commission 1917 Victory
  Gardens

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Value of Victory Gardens

• WWI
• 5 million gardens
• 250,000 tons/year
• 1.5 million quarts canned fruits and vegetables
  per year

• WWII
• 20 million gardens
• 50 of fresh produce in USA
• 1 million tons / year

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Food Rationing

• Importance of food from Victory Gardens
• 48 points per month

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WWII Victory Gardens
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WWII Food Production
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Edible Landscapes Beds, Containers Small
Spaces Plant Growth Requirements

• Light
• Support
• Nutrients
• Temperature
• Air - Gases

• Full Sun Outside
• Partial Sun Outside
• Raised Beds
• Beds
• Containers
• Baskets

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Growing in Containers Small SpacesPlant Growth
Requirements

• Light
• Support
• Nutrients
• Temperature
• Air Gases
• Water and Drainage

• Anchor the roots
• Keeps the shoot from falling over

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Growing in Containers Small Spaces Plant
Growth Requirements

• Light
• Support
• Nutrients
• Temperature
• Air Gases
• Water and Drainage

• Fertilizer
• How Much?
• How to Apply?

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Growing in Containers Small Spaces Plant
Growth Requirements

• Light
• Support
• Nutrients
• Temperature
• Air Gases
• Water and Drainage

• Not too Hot
• Not too Cold

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Growing in Containers Small Spaces Plant
Growth Requirements

• Light
• Support
• Nutrients
• Temperature
• Air Gases
• Water and Drainage

• Oxygen
• Carbon Dioxide
• Nitrogen
• Avoid Toxic Gases-Air Pollutants

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Growing in Containers Small Spaces Plant
Growth Requirements

• Light
• Support
• Nutrients
• Temperature
• Air Gases
• Water and Drainage

• Water until the container drains forces air into
  soil mix and leaches salt.
• Need drainage holes to release excess water.
• Raised bed construction and drainage

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Container Size

• There are no hard and fast rules to follow.
• A general guide
• Use small containers (about 1 to 2 gallons) for
  lettuce, spinach, mustard, peppers, radishes,
  green onions, carrots, beets, chard, broccoli,
  beans, and dwarf tomatoes
• Use medium containers (about 3 to 5 gallons) for
  eggplants and for larger crops of any of the
  vegetables listed above and
• Use large containers (5 to 10 gallons) for
  cabbage, Brussels sprouts, cucumbers, squash, and
  tomatoes.
• For many vegetables, starting with transplants
  will be faster and easier than seed.

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Containers for Plants

• Baskets
• Buckets 3-5 gallons
• Trays
• Bags
• Bales of Straw
• Pots

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Radish
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Japanese Egg Art Rye grass
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Plants for Small Space Gardens

• Partial Sun
• Lettuces
• Greens
• Radish
• Herbs
• Chives

• Full Sun
• Patio Tomatoes
• Cherry Tomatoes
• Bush or trellised Cucumbers
• Peppers

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Soilless Potting SoilSoil Mix for Containers

• Baskets
• Buckets 3-5 gallons
• Trays
• Bags
• Bales of Straw
• Pots

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Growing Media

• Synthetic "soils" are best suited for container
  gardening
• Mixes may be composed of sawdust, wood chips,
  peat moss, perlite, vermiculite or almost any
  other type of media.
• Must be free of disease and weed seeds, hold
  moisture and nutrients but drain well and be
  lightweight.
• Synthetic "soils" are available from garden
  centers.
• One can be prepared by mixing horticultural
  grade vermiculite, peat moss, limestone,
  superphosphate, and garden fertilizer. To 1
  bushel each of vermiculite and peat moss, add 10
  tablespoons of limestone, do not add too much
  lime.
• 5 tablespoons of 0-20-0 (superphosphate)
• 1 cup of garden fertilizer such as 6-12-12 or
  5-10-10.
• Mix the material thoroughly adding a little
  water to reduce dust.
• Wet the mix thoroughly prior to seeding or
  transplanting.

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Vegetable Cultivars for Containers

• Cucumbers Salad Bush Hybrid, Spacemaster, Bush
  Pickle
• Eggplant Bambino, Slim Jim
• Green Beans (Pole beans give a higher yield in a
  small footprint) Blue Lake, Kentucky Wonder,
  French Dwarf
• Green Onions Beltsville Bunching, Crystal Wax,
  Evergreen Bunching
• Leaf Lettuce Buttercrunch, Salad Bowl, Bibb
• Peppers Frigitello, Cubanelle, Sweet Banana,
  Apple (Hot) Red Cherry, Jalapeno, Robustini
• Radishes Cherry Belle, Scarlet Globe, (White)
  Icicle
• Squash Ronde de Nice, Gold Rush
• Tomatoes Patio, Pixie, Tiny Tim, Saladette, Toy
  Boy, Spring Giant, Tumbling Tom, Small Fry , Husky

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More cultivars for container-grown vegetables

• Tomatoes Patio, Pixie, Tiny Tim, Saladette, Toy
  Boy, Spring Giant, Tumbling Tom, Small Fry
• Peppers Yolo Wonder, Keystone Resistant Giant,
  Canape, (Hot) Red Cherry, Jalapeno
• Eggplant Florida Market, Black Beauty, Long Tom
• Squash Dixie, Gold Neck, Early Prolific
  Straightneck, (Green) Zucco, Diplomat, Senator
• Leaf Lettuce Buttercrunch, Salad Bowl, Romaine,
  Dark Green Boston, Ruby, BibbGreen
• Onions Beltsville Bunching, Crysal Wax,
  Evergreen Bunching
• Green Beans Topcrop, Greencrop, Contender,
  (Pole) Blue Lake, Kentucky Wonder
• Radishes Cherry Belle, Scarlet Globe, (White)
  IcicleParsley Evergreen, Moss Curled
• Cucumbers Burpless, Liberty, Early Pik, Crispy,
  Salty

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Growing vegetables in containers

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Growing Tomatoes in Containers
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Growing Tomatoes In Containers

• Container size 12 inches diameter, 15 inches Deep
  with drainage holes
• Non-Toxic Container , Plastic or Clay
• Use a well drained light soil mix
• Need to Fertilize and Water More Often

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Fertilizing Tomatoes In 3 Gallon Containers

• Preplant 1 Tbs complete Fertilizer plus 1 Tbs
  Ag Limestone
• At Transplanting One Cup of Starter Solution
  per plant ( 1 Tbs of 20-20-20 per Gal. )

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Maintenance Fertilizing Container Grown containers

• Use a light soil mix to allow drainage after each
  watering or fertilization. This prevents salt
  build up.
• Before Fruit Set Fertilize once a week with one
  quart of a solution of 1 Tbs of 20-20-20 per
  gallon of Water
• After Fruit Set Fertilize twice a week

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Patio or Container Tomato
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Transplant Starter Solution1 Tbs soluble
Fertilizer / gallon
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Home Tomato ProductionTypes and Cultivars

• Large Fruited or Salad Tomatoes
• Small Fruited or Cherry Tomatoes
• Processing , Plum and Saladette
• Specialty Types

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TomatoesLarge Fruited Cultivars

• Ozark Pink
• Better Boy
• Mountain Spring
• Celebrity
• Jet Star
• FlorAmerica
• Big Beef

• Husky Gold
• Husky Red
• Mountain Fresh
• BHN-444
• Traveler 76
• Bradley
• Sweet Seedless

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TomatoesSmall Fruited

• Cherry Grande
• Mountain Belle
• Sweet Chelsea
• Early Cascade
• Sun Gold
• Super Sweet 100

• Grape Tomatoes
• Santa
• Juliet
• Sugary

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TomatoesProcessing Cultivars

• Belle Star
• Plum Dandy
• Marzano
• Principe Borghese
• La Rossa

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TomatoesSpecialty Types

• Caro Rich ( Orange and Low Acid)
• Lemon Boy and Mountain Gold
• Yellow Stuffer ( Hollow Like a Pepper)
• Pink Girl (Resembles Traveler 76)
• Sweet Seedless

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Blossom End Rot
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Early Blight
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Early Blight
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Septoria Leaf Spot
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Heirloom CultivarsThe Top Ten

• Arkansas Traveler
• Brandywine
• Campbell's
• German Johnson
• Mortgage Lifter or Radiator Charlie

• Abraham Lincoln
• Amish Paste
• Bradley
• Principe Borghese
• Marglobe

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Heirloom CultivarsMore

• Cherokee Purple
• Bonnie Best
• Costoluto Genovese
• Dinner Plate
• Money Maker
• Moskvich
• Oxheart
• Stupice

• Southern Night
• Black Krim
• Mr. Stripy
• Rutgers
• San Marzano
• Reisentraube
• Yellow Pear
• Zapotec

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Raised Beds are Versatile
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Constructing a raised Bed
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Drainage
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Raised Beds
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Pepper Types

• Hot Peppers
• Jalapeno
• Ancho / Poblano
• Anaheim
• Serrano
• Cayenne
• Habenero

• Sweet Peppers
• Bell
• Pimento
• Italian Ramshorn
• Banana
• Cubanelle

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Hot Peppers

• AAS peppers
• Holy Mole
• Carmen
• Mariachi
• Giant Marconi
• www.thechileman.org
• www.thechilewoman.org

• Bhot Jolokia the hottest pepper 1 million
  scoville
• Sauve Habanero
• New Mexico Chili Institute

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Hot Peppers Capscaisin Location
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The Square Foot Garden
Small things in small places big things off to
the side where they will not shade out the small
things
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Small things go together in small spaces where
they are not shaded
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Soil is A Dynamic System

• 50 Solid Material
• 20 to 25 Liquid (Soil Solution)
• 20 to 25 Gaseous Material

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Add Lime According to Your Soil Test
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Liming the Soil

• It takes time , 8 to 12 weeks, for agricultural
  lime to have an effect!
• Lime adds Calcium ion to soil solution
• Particle size is listed by the mesh size
• 40-60 mesh large and slow to react
• 200-240 mesh , very small and reacts quickly

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Blossom End Rot A Calcium Deficiency
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Plant Nutrition Nitrogen Sources

• Ammonium Nitrate
• Calcium Nitrate
• Potassium Nitrate
• Urea
• Organic Nitrogen Sources

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Fertilizing the Garden using 10-20-10 fertilizer

• The average garden is 400 square feet 1/100th of
  an acre
• To apply 10 pounds of Nitrogen per acre, add 100
  lbs fertilizer/acre or 1 lb/400sq feet
• Preplant light 20 lbs N/acre (2 lbs/400sq ft)
• Preplant med 40 lbs N/acre (4lbs/400sq ft)
• Preplant heavy 60 lbs N/acre (6lbs/400sqft)

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Use A Transplant Starter Solution

• 1 Tbs. of a soluble fertilizer high in Phosphorus
• In 1 gallon of water
• Apply 1 cup of solution per plant
• 1-1-1

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Tunnels are Easy to Build
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Tunnels orCold Frames
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Cold Frames / Low Tunnels
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Managing the Microclimate

• Temperature and Heat
• Light
• Humidity
• Gases

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Crops Suitable for the Low Tunnel

• Lettuce
• Greens
• Basil
• Herbs
• Cucumbers
• Tomatoes
• Peppers
• Transplants
• Berries

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Radish
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Basil
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Cilantro
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Dill
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Marjoram
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Rosemary

• Use
• History
• Propagation
• Culture
• Harvesting and Preservation

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Rosemary
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Tarragon

• Use
• History
• Propagation
• Culture
• Harvesting and Preservation

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French Tarragon
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Lettuce Transplants
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Tub Culture
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