ENZYMES

1
ENZYMES
2
Chemical Reactions and Enzymes

• Reactions happen in living nonliving things all
  the time
• can be sped up by increasing temp or by
  involving a catalyst
• Catalyst - referred to as enzymes in
  organisms
• Enzymes - proteins that can break bonds
  or help form bonds in chemical reactions

3

• Enzymes are proteins that
• 1. Increase the rate of reaction by lowering
  the energy of activation
• 2. Catalyze nearly all of the reactions taking
  place in the cells of the human body
• 3. Have unique three dimensional shapes that
  fit the shapes of the reactants

4
Enzymes at work

• Substrate- substance being changed by enzyme
• 2. Active site- region on enzyme where substrate
  attaches (this is the enzyme substrate complex)

5
3. Substrate is altered (bond weakened) so that
bond is broken 4. Products released and enzyme
is unchanged (only the substrate changes) 5.
Enzyme is free to bond with another substrate
6
Enzymes work by either breaking bonds
7

• Or forming bonds

8
Enzymes catalyze specific reactions-
only specific substrates will fit
into the active site
Just
9

• the lock is the enzyme and the key is the
  substrate. Only the correctly sized key
  (substrate) fits into the key hole (active site)
  of the lock (enzyme).

• Smaller keys, larger keys, or incorrectly
  positioned teeth on keys (incorrectly shaped or
  sized substrate molecules) do not fit into the
  lock (enzyme). Only the correctly shaped key
  opens a particular lock

10
WRENCH ANALOGY

• http//www.biologyinmotion.com/minilec/wrench.html

11

• Enzymes work only within specific ranges of
  temperature ( 37 OC is usually the most optimum
  temperature in humans)

12
Enzyme affected by high temperature
13

• Enzymes also only work within specific ranges
  of pH

14

• Enzymes are also affected by the concentration
  of the substrate and the enzyme

15
(No Transcript)
16

• Application bee sting home remedy-
  meat tenderizer (enzyme) on
  bee sting (protein in venom)