Taxonomy of AGN circa 1980 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Taxonomy of AGN circa 1980

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Flat Spectrum Core Dominant Radio Source. Steep Spectrum Lobe Dominant Radio Source ... A Slightly More Modern Picture. tv ~ 100. R ~ 100-500 pc. tv ~ 0.01? R ~few kpc ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Taxonomy of AGN circa 1980


1
Taxonomy of AGN - circa 1980
Seyfert 1 galaxy Seyfert 2 galaxy QSO Broad
Absorption Line (BAL) QSO Liner Quasar Fanaroff/R
iley FR1 and FR2 galaxy Broad line radio
galaxy Narrow line radio galaxy Flat Spectrum
Core Dominant Radio Source Steep Spectrum Lobe
Dominant Radio Source BL Lac object Optically
Violent Variable Quasar
Radio-quiet
Radio-loud
2
Two Basic Resources on Unification
  • Antonucci, R.R.J. 1993, ARAA, 31, 473
    Unification models for AGN Quasars
  • Urry Padovani 1995, PASP, 107, 803 Radio loud
    objects only

3
Spectral Types of Emission-Line AGN
Type 2
Type 1
4
Ancient History (Rowan-Robinson 1977)
5
Early Evidence for Aspect-dependent Classification
  • Alignment of optical polarization PA with radio
    structure in Type 1 objects (polarization
    typically lt1).
  • Anti-alignment of optical polarization PA with
    radio structure in Type 2 objects (polarization
    1-5).
  • General alignment of ionization cones with
    radio structure.

6
Radio Structure vs. Optical Polarization(Antonucc
i 1983)
7
The Hidden Seyfert 1 Nucleus in NGC
1068(Antonucci Miller 1985)
Polarized flux
7500 km/sec
Total flux
8 minutes of data in 1998 vs. 20 hrs in 1984!
8
The Hidden Seyfert 1 Nucleus in NGC
1068(Antonucci Miller 1985)
Dusty, molecular torus
9
A Slightly More Modern Picture
tv 0.01? R few kpc
10
How the Torus Unifies AGN Classifications
Type 1
Type 1.5
Torus axis does not align with the axis of the
galaxy!
Type 1 in polarized light
NLR
BLR
Type 2
Dust grains
11
Polarization at High Inclination (Type 2)
  • Strong polarization
  • Perpendicular to torus axis

12
Polarization at Low Inclination (Type 1)
  • Weak polarization
  • Parallel to torus axis

13
Clinching Evidence Direct imaging of Torus
(Ford et al. 1997)
14
Clinching Evidence Images of Ionization
Cones(e.g., Zakamska et al. 2006)
15
The LINER Galaxy NGC 4258
N
E
D 7 Mpc
16
H20 Maser Emission from NGC 4258(Miyoshi, Cecil
et al. 1992-95)
N
E
From Keplerian velocities of masers, central
(black hole) mass is 3.6x107 M
v µ r -1/2 Keplerian velocity curves
17
Polarized Emission Lines from NGC 4258(Wilkes et
al. 1995)
Dv 1000 km/s P.A. 86o
18
Red and Polarized QSOs from 2MASS (Smith et al.
2000)
19
A Type 2, Red QSO Comes out of the
Closet (Schmidt et al. 2002)
Dv 30,000 km/s!
20
What is Wrong with these QSOs? (Smith et al.
2003)
21
Red Type1 QSOs are Polarized!
Type 1 objects
(All show broad lines)
22
Reddening/scattering by considerable dust, even
in polar directions
Hypothesis for Reddened, Polarized Type 1 QSOs
NLR
BLR
Dust grains
23
Increased Scattering will Cause Reddest QSOs to
Appear as Type 1 Regardless of Orientation
Surplus of O III
Deficit of O III
24
Unification of Radio-Quiet AGN
Seyfert 1 galaxy Seyfert 2 galaxy
Liner?
Type 1 QSO BAL QSO? Type 2 QSO
Face-on
Edge-on
Luminosity
25
Unification of Radio-Loud AGN
BL Lac object Optically Violent Variable Quasar
Face-on
Broad line radio galaxy FR1, FR2, Narrow line
radio galaxy
Flat Spectrum Core Dominant Radio Source Steep
Spectrum Lobe Dominant Radio Source Quasar
Edge-on
Luminosity
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