Privacy, Data Protection and Lex Informatica lecture 1

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Privacy, Data Protection and Lex Informatica --
lecture 1

• Dr. Lee A. Bygrave, 6.2.2006

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Presentation of NRCCL

• Established 1970
• Extensive library
• Work in two general areas
• 1. Legal technology
• 2. Information law
• International research staff
• Cooperation with SITAS

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Course overview

• See overview via
• lthttp//www.uio.no/studier/emner/jus/jus/JUR5630/v
  06gt
• Core literature -- Bygraves doctoral thesis,
• Data Protection Law Approaching Its Rationale,
  Logic and Limits

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Surveillance and control -- basic trends

• Three scenarios
• Panopticon, Wagner and NRK
• Principal trend
• increasing mass surveillance and control (but
  relative decline in intensity of surveillance and
  control by small-scale groups?)
• Growing pervasiveness along two axes
• across national boundaries
• across organisational sectors

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Developments in surveillance techniques

• Increasingly
• automated,
• de-personalised,
• miniaturised,
• continuous,
• preemptory,
• directed at large groups of people
• based on transactional and/or biometric data

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Causative factors (1)

• Reflexivity (Giddens)
• Rationalisation (Weber)
• Growth in social scale
• Increasing symbiosis between surveillance systems
• Growth in fine-grained concern by organisations
  for their clients
• Ideological trends
• Exigencies of wartime

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Causative factors (2)

• The role of technology
• double-sided effect of technological developments
  on privacy (the paradox of technology)
• Privacy-invasive technologies
• Privacy-enhancing technologies (PETs) -- see
  Burkert 1997

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Dystopian visions of surveillance and control

• Orwells 1984
• Huxleys Brave New World
• Zamyatins We
• Bradburys Fahrenheit 451
• Issue to what extent are these visions realistic
  and analytically useful?
• Cf. Foucaults work on panopticism
• Cf. Anna Funders Stasiland (2003)

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Affected interests/values

• Privacy
• Autonomy
• Integrity
• Dignity
• Democracy
• Pluralism
• Others?

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Affected interests/values (2)

• Definitional issues
• Privacy as
• right to be let alone (eg, Warren and Brandeis)
• informational control / informational
  self-determination (eg, Westin)
• limited accessibility (eg, Gavison, Bygrave)
• solely concerned with intimate sphere (eg, Wacks,
  Inness)
• Autonomy self-determination

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Affected interests/values (3)

• Integrity harmonious functionality based on
  respect
• Dignity intrinsic worth
• Democracy active participation in public
  government of societal processes
• Pluralism
• (i) diversity of lifestyles and opinions
• (ii) distribution of power so that not one single
  group/organisation can dominate others