Providing First Aid

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Providing First Aid

• IMMEDIATE CARE GIVEN TO THE VICTIM OF AN ACCIDENT
  OR ILLNESS TO MINIMIZE THE EFFECT OF INJURY OR
  ILLNESS UNTIL EXPERTS CAN TAKE OVER
• REASONS FOR PROVIDING CORRECT FIRST AID

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Basic Principles ofProviding First Aid

• Remain calm and avoid panic
• Evaluate situation thoroughly
• Have a reason for anything you do
• Treatment you provide will vary depending on type
  of injury or illness, environment, others
  present, equipment or supplies on hand, and
  availability of medical help

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CHAIN OF SURVIVAL
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CITIZEN RESPONSE
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First Steps

• Recognize that an emergency exists
• Use all senses to detect problems
• Sometimes signs of emergency are obvious and at
  other times they are less obvious

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Recognize An Emergency

• While some emergencies are obvious, others are
  not. Here are some ways to recognize an
  emergency
• Hearing or seeing the crash occur.
• Skid marks.
• One or more vehicles stopped in an odd position.
• Broken fence or guard rail.
• Cracked windshield or broken glass.
• A vehicle that is smoking.

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Next Steps

• Check the scene and make sure it is safe to
  approach
• What to observe
• If not safe, call for medical help
• If safe, approach the victim
• Call emergency medical services (EMS) as soon as
  possible

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WHAT SENSES WOULD YOU USE TO RECOGNIZE AN
EMERGENCY?
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HEARING

• SCREAMS
• BREAKING GLASS
• CRASHING METAL
• SCREECHING BRAKES
• CALLS FOR HELP

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SEEING

• A STALLED VEHICLE
• OVERTURNED POT
• SPILLED MEDICINE BOTTLE
• BROKEN GLASS
• DOWNED ELECTRICAL WIRES
• SMOKE OR FIRE

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SMELLS

• SMELL OF SOMETHING BURNING
• ODORS THAT ARE STRONGER THAN USUAL
• UNRECOGNIZABLE ODORS

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UNUSUAL APPEARANCE OR BEHAVIOR

• TROUBLE BREATHING
• CLUTCHING CHEST
• DOUBLED OVER
• ACTING STRANGE
• CONFUSED

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NEXT STEPS

• IF POSSIBLE, OBTAIN THE VICTIMS PERMISSION
  BEFORE PROVIDING ANY CARE
• TRIAGE IF NECESSARY
• CHECK FOR OTHER INJURIES
• OBTAIN AS MUCH INFORMATION AS POSSIBLE

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CALLING THE EMERGENCY NUMBER
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CALL FOR HELP

• CALL 9-1-1 IMMEDIATELY. IF YOU DON'T HAVE QUICK
  ACCESS TO A PHONE, SEND SOMEONE ELSE TO CALL FOR
  HELP WHILE YOU ATTEND TO THE INJURED VICTIMS.
• TELL THE DISPATCHER
• THE LOCATION OF THE ACCIDENT
• THE NUMBER OF VICTIMS AND THEIR CONDITION.
• WHAT HELP IS BEING GIVEN.
• BE SURE TO ANSWER ALL THE DISPATCHER'S QUESTIONS
  AND FOLLOW HIS/HER INSTRUCTIONS.

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FIRST RESPONDER CARE
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STOP TO HELP

• Take the time to stop and help in an emergency.
  When you stop, don't put yourself in danger
• Approach the crash site carefully. Check for
• Smoke or fire.
• Gasoline smell.
• Downed power lines.
• Don't go any closer if you observe any of these
  situations or feel your safety is threatened! If
  you can't stop or approach the site safely, get
  to a phone and call for help at your first
  opportunity.

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WHY DONT PEOPLE HELP?

• THE PRESCENCE OF OTHER PEOPLE
• UNCERTAINTY ABOUT VICTIM OR IF EMERGENCY REALLY
  EXISTS
• TYPE OF INJURY OR ILLNESS
• FEAR OF CATCHING SOMETHING
• FEAR OF DOING SOMETHING WRONG
• FEAR OF BEING SUED

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GOOD SAMARITAN LAW
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• South Carolina Good Samaritan Law
• SECTION 15-1-310.
• Liability for emergency care rendered at scene of
  accident.
• Any person, who in good faith gratuitously
  renders emergency care at the scene of an
  accident or emergency to the victim, shall not be
  liable for any civil damages for any personal
  injury as a result of any act or omission by such
  person in rendering the emergency care or as a
  result of any act or failure to act to provide or
  arrange for further medical treatment or care for
  the injured person, except acts or omissions
  amounting to gross negligence or willful or
  wanton misconduct.

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IN SIMPLE TERMS

• WHEN A CITIZEN RESPONDS TO AN EMERGENCY AND ACTS
  AS A REASONABLE AND PRUDENT PERSON WOULD, DOING
  HIS/HER BEST TO SAVE A LIFE OR PREVENT FURTHER
  INJURY, NOT EXCEEDING HIS/HER SCOPE OF TRAINING
  FOR NO COMPENSATION

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WHAT ARE SOME THINGS A REASONABLE AND PRUDENT
PERSON WOULD DO?

• NEVER MOVE A VICTIM UNLESS THERE IS DANGER
• ASKING A CONSCIOUS VICTIM FOR PERMISSION BEFORE
  GIVING CARE
• CHECK FOR LIFE THREATENING CONDITIONS BEFORE
  PROVIDING FURTHER CARE
• CALL 9-1-1
• CONTINUE CARE UNTIL MORE HIGHLY TRAINED PERSONNEL
  ARRIVE

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ADVANCED RESPONDER CAREEMS
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HOSPITAL CARE
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REHABILITATION
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THE END

• FOR NOW!