Truman and Cold War America

1
Truman and Cold War America
Chapter 25
2
Decisions Made

• Yalta free elections
• Potsdam occupation of Germany
• Plans and reality
• Allies become adversaries
• Divergent goals

3
Cold War in Europe
4
Iron Curtain

• Winston Churchill
• March 5, 1946 - Westminster College

5
View of Stalin
6
Greece and Turkey
7
U.S. Response

• Truman Doctrine
• Aid for Greece and Turkey

8
U.S. Response

• Marshall Plan
• Aid for Europe

9
Marshall Plan
Economic Assistance, April 3, 1948 to June 30,
1952 (in millions of dollars)
COUNTRY Total Grants
Loans
Total for all countries
13,325.8 11,820.7
1,505.1 Austria 667.8 677.8 Belgium
-Luxembourg 559.3 491.3 68 Denmark 273.0 239
.7 33.3 France 2,713.6 2448 225.6 Germany,
1,390.6 1173.7 216.9 Greece 706.7 706.7 Ic
eland 29.3 24.0 5.3 Ireland 147.5 19.3 1
28.2
10
Marshall Plan
Economic Assistance, April 3, 1948 to June 30,
1952 (in millions of dollars)
COUNTRY Total Grants
Loans
Total for all countries
13,325.8 11,820.7
1,505.1 Italy (including
Trieste) 1508.8 1413.2 95.6 Netherlands
(East Indies)c1083.5 916.8 166.7 Norway 255.3
216.1 39.2 Portugal 51.2 15.1 36.1 Sweden
107.3 86.9 20.4 Turkey 225.1 140.1 85.
0 United Kingdom 3189.8 2805.0 384.8 Regional
407.0 407.0 --
11
European Recovery
12
What Next?

• July 1947 Foreign Affairs
• The Sources of Soviet Conduct
• Mr. X

13
Divided Germany
14
Land Routes to Berlin
15
Berlin Blockade

• June 1948 land routes closed
• U.S. and Great Britain - Operation Vittles
• Around the clock supply flights
• 272,264 flights for 321 days
• 2.3 million tons of food and supplies

16
Operation Vittles
17
Political Platforms

• 1948
• Democrats
• Harry S Truman
• States Rights
• Strom Thurmond
• Republican
• Thomas Dewey

18
Election of 1948
19
(No Transcript)
20
Korean War
21
Start of Korean War

• June 25, 1950 North Korea invades South
• June 26, Truman orders air and sea forces to
  support the South
• June 27 U.N. authorizes action to support the
  South
• July 7, MacArthur appointed unified commander

22
Korean Battles
23
Truman - MacArthur Controversy

• March 1951 - Truman wants truce talks
• No real change
• April 1951 - MacArthur letter to Congressman
• no substitute for total victory
• 11 April 1951 - Truman removes MacArthur

24
Armistice Talks

• Begun in July 1951
• Stalin dies in March 1953
• Armistice signed in July 1953
• During talks, 125,000 U.N. casualties

25
Red Scare

• March 1947 - investigations for government jobs
• June 1947 - Taft-Hartley Act - labor leader
  loyalty statements
• February 1950, Senator Joseph McCarthy - 206
  Communists in State Department

26
Levitt Homes
27
Levittown
28
Levittown
29
Baby Boom
30
Summary

• Conversion from wartime to peace time
• Direction
• Going back?
• New path?
• Fear of communism why?
• New experiences