Challenges for enhancing food security in SubSaharan Africa

1
Challenges for enhancing food security in
Sub-Saharan Africa

• Prabhu Pingali
• Director Economic Analysis Division
• FAO, United Nations
• Rome

2

• Dimensions of Food Security

• Cross-cutting Issues

Technology
HIV-AIDS
WTO
Conflicts
3
Food Availability
Daily intake

• Production
• Import capacity
• Food Aid

4
Food Availability - Daily Intake
Kcal per capita per day
Source FAO
5
Food Availability - Production
Low yields / high variability of yields
Source FAO
6
Food Availability - Import Capacity
High dependence on agricultural exports
1999-2001 export earnings as of merchandise
exports
Source FAO
7
Food Availability - Import Capacity
Food imports Exports revenues debt repayment
Source FAO
8
Food Availability - Import Capacity
Agricultural trade in Sub-Saharan Africa (million
US)
Source FAO
9
Food Availability - Food Aid
Source WFP and FAO
10
Access
Nutrition Status

• Income distribution / poverty
• Capital capacity

11
Access - Nutrition
Millions of persons undernourished
Source FAO
12
Access - Poverty
Millions of persons in poverty (US1/day)
Source FAO
13
Access - Capital capacity
Source World Development Indicators FAO
14
Stability
Stability of consumption

• Weather variability
• Complex emergencies / conflicts

15
Stability of Consumption Riskiness
Probability of actual consumption falling below
95 trend
Source FAO
16
Stability - Weather Variability
Total and per capita food production in
Sub-Saharan Africa (Index 1989-91 100)
Source FAO
17
Stability - Complex Emergencies
Source FAO
18
Technology

• Research capacity
• ODA to agriculture
• Biotechnology

19
Technology - Research capacity
Global public agricultural research expenditures,
1976-95 (Million 1993 international dollars)
Source Pardey and Beintema, 2001.
20
Technology - ODA to agriculture
External assistance to agriculture in Sub-Saharan
Africa Million US (at constant 1995 prices)
- 36
Source FAO
21
Technology - Biotechnology
Source FAO
22
AIDS

• Relation to food security
• Labour
• Knowledge

23
AIDS - Relation to food security
Source adapted from UNAIDS (2002) AIDS
Epidemic Update, December 2002