IVI Commercial Vehicle Platform Update

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IVI Commercial Vehicle Platform UpdateTim
JohnsonOffice of Research and TechnologyFederal
Motor Carrier Safety Administration TRB 82st
Annual MeetingJanuary 13, 2003
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Driver Condition Monitoring Drowsy Driver Program

• Technology PERCLOS monitor
• Measures fatigue level based on eye closure .
  Information to driver when given fatigue
  threshold exceeded
• Completed validation and performance testing in
  2002
• Optimum driver interface being evaluated and
  selected
• Early 2003 complete
• Field Operational Test Program 2003-2005 (VTTI
  Lead)

Sensor
Driver Display
PERCLOS Monitor (CoPilot)
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PERCLOS Monitor - Validation Testing

• UPENN conducted study
• Objective determine if the CoPilot device is
  accurate (lab environment)
• 12 subjects, 42 hr of sleep deprivation
• Results favorable
• Good agreement (high coherence) between PERCLOS
  monitor output (CoPilot) and PVT (baseline
  fatigue measure)
• CoPilot output agreed well (high coherence) with
  human-scored PERCLOS

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PERCLOS Monitor Performance Evaluation

• VTTI conducted study
• Test Conditions
• 12 drivers, each drove the 2 mile VTTI Smart Road
  course
• 20 different combinations of driving conditions
• road geometry, overhead lighting, operating
  conditions, eye closure
• Driver variables age, eye color, complexion,
  gender, vision correction

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PERCLOS MONITOR Performance Testing

• Preliminary Results
• PERCLOS monitor effective (to varying degrees)
  for most test subjects in low/nighttime ambient
  lighting (system intended for nighttime
  operation)
• Not effective for subjects wearing glasses
• Further study of glasses issue ongoing

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Vehicle Stability (Rollover) Freightliner FOT
Partners Praxair Inc. (carrier) UMTRI (data
analysis) Meritor-WABCO (supplier) Daimler-Chrysle
r (analysis)
Technologies
(RSA)

• Roll Stability Advisor (RSA) Roll Stability
  Controller (RSC)
• Additional Technology
• Lane Tracker
• Roadway Geometry Maps

(RSC)
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Freightliner FOT - Project Summary

• 6 vehicles, 23 drivers
• Data recorded
• On-Board vehicle data
• Driver surveys
• Data Collection
• Phase 1 Baseline (Fall 2000 June 2001)
• Phase 2 System Active (June Nov 2001)
• Data Analysis (Fall 2001 December 2002)

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Freightliner Results (Independent Evaluation)

• Evaluator Battelle
• Crash Reduction
• Near Crash Data 26 reduction in near crash
  events
• Crash Prevention Estimates (full deployment)
• Tankers 10 rollovers, 15 SVRD per year (25
  total)
• All tractor/trailers 89 rollovers, 167 SVRD
  (256 total)
• Human Factors
• Drivers see a potential benefit in the system
• Engineering improvements identified
• However, system tested was an early version
• current generation system is better

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Freightliner Results (Freightliner Team)

• Rollover Stability Advisor and Controller (UMTRI)
• Effective in improving turning performance
• Freightliner offering improved product
  commercially
• 200 units ordered by PRAXAIR!
• Lane Tracking System (DaimlerChrysler)
• Evaluated systems ability to track lane
  boundaries
• Roadway Geometry Maps (DaimlerChrysler)
• Successfully validated a method to obtain high
  accuracy maps
• Freightliner to continue development
• Final Report in January

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Vehicle Stability Electronically Controlled
Braking Systems (ECBS)

• ECBS systems have the potential to improve
• vehicle stability.
• Differential braking to correct vehicle yaw and
  other stability problems
• Foster development of collision avoidance systems
• Improve brake and tire diagnostics
• Completed performance testing (2001-November
  2002)
• Field Operational Test Program (2003-2005)
• Status DOT reviewing industry proposals

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ECBS Performance Testing

• SAE Cooperative Research Program
• Government US DOT (FHWA, NHTSA, FMCSA)
• Industry Bendix, Meritor WABCO, Arvin Meritor,
  Haldex, International Truck and Engine Co.
  (vehicles, ECBS hardware, brake components)
• Trade Associations MEMA, TMA, ATA (test,
  development, guidance)
• Radlinski and Associates (test conductor)

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ECBS Performance Testing (cond)

• Testing Approach
• Compare ECBS to PCBS using FMVSS 121 criteria
  (both fully functional and failure mode
  configurations investigated)
• Performance Measures
• Service brake apply and release time
• Minimum stopping distance, fully intact brake
  systems
• Minimum stopping distance with various single
  point failures in braking system

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ECBS Performance Testing (cond)

• Vehicles
• 4x2 single-unit truck
• 6x4 single-unit truck
• 4x2 truck tractor
• 6x4 truck tractor
• single-axle semi-trailer (tested with 4x2
  tractor)
• tandem-axle semi-trailer (tested with 6x4
  tractor)

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ECBS Performance Testing - Results

• In all test cases ECBS met 121 performance
  requirements (including failure modes)
• ECBS full system performance was generally equal
  to or better than PCBS
• ECBS faster than PCBS w.r.t. brake application
  time on individual trucks, tractors, and trailers
• None of the electrical failure modes introduced
  into ECBS resulted in worse performance than
  pneumatic failures introduced in PCBS
• But...some ECBS aspects need optimization
• ECBS tractor-trailer coupling - slower than PCBS
• Brake release timing not always faster on ECBS

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Lane, Road Departure, and Safety Messaging Mack
Field Operational Test (FOT)

• Motor Carrier McKenzie Tank Lines
• Technologies
• Lane Departure Warning System
• Trucker Safety Advisory
• (Hazardous Location Warning)
• Automatic Collision Notification
• Vehicles in FOT
• 18 control
• 18 test

• Status Completing system checkout/equipping
  fleet
• (2004 completion)

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Rear End Collision AvoidanceVolvo Field
Operational Test (FOT)

• Motor Carrier USXpress Leasing
• Technologies
• Collision Warning System w/Adaptive Cruise
  Control
• Advanced Braking (ECBS w/Disc Brakes)
• 100 vehicles in FOT
• 50 control
• 50 test (IVI Technologies)
• Status
• Wrapping up data collection phase
• Analysis underway (Independent Evaluation -
  Battelle)
• Project completion 2003

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Volvo FOT Crash Reduction Analysis

• For each crash type (Rear-End for Volvo test)
• 1. Define/identify conflicts (near crashes)
• 2. Determine number of historical crashes
  involving relevant conflicts
  using GES. crashes (GES)
• 3. Estimate crash reduction based on frequency
  and severity of
• conflicts in FOT. crash reduction (FOT)
• 4. Calculate crash reductions

crashes reduced crashes (GES) crash
reduction (FOT)
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Volvo FOT Rear-End Conflicts (Near Crashes)
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Additional IVI Projects Started 2002

• Human Factors Commercial Vehicle Driver
  Distraction
• Phase 1 Problem assessment of truck
• driver distraction
• Severity
• Distraction Truck vs. Car
• Identify follow-on research (Phase 2)
• Crash Reconstruction Event Data Recorder (EDR)
  Project
• Develop a device suitable for crash
  reconstruction
• Select data to record based on technical analysis
  
• Working with Veridian and Truck Manufacturers
  Assoc.

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For More Information
Tim Johnson Phone [phone] E-mail
tim.johnson_at_fhwa.dot.gov FMCSA web
www.fmcsa.dot.gov DOT IVI web www.its.dot.gov/ivi
/ivi.htm