Processes of Change Key Terms

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Chapter 26

• Processes of ChangeKey Terms

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• primary innovationThe chance discovery of some
  new principle.
• secondary innovationSomething new that results
  from the deliberate application of known
  principles.

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• diffusionThe spread of customs or practices from
  one culture to another. 
• acculturationMajor culture changes that people
  are forced to make as a consequence of
  intensive, firsthand contact between societies.

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• genocideThe extermination of one people by
  another, often in the name of progress, either
  as a deliberate act or as the accidental outcome
  of activities carried out by one people with
  little regard for their impact on others.  
• syncretismIn acculturation, the blending of
  indigenous and foreign traits to form a new
  system.

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• rebellion Organized armed resistance to an
  established government or authority in power.
• revolution Sudden and radical change in a
  society or culture. In the political arena, it
  refers to the forced overthrow of an old
  government and establishment of a completely new
  one.

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• modernizationThe process of cultural and
  socioeconomic change, whereby developing
  societies acquire some of the characteristics of
  Western industrialized societies.  

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• structural differentiationThe division of single
  traditional roles, which embrace two or more
  functions (for example, political, economic, and
  religious) into two or more roles, each with a
  single specialized function.

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• Integrative mechanismsCultural mechanisms that
  oppose forces for differentiation in a society
  in modernizing societies, they include formal
  governmental structures, official state
  ideologies, political parties, legal codes, labor
  and trade unions, and other common interest
  associations.

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• traditionIn a modernizing society, old cultural
  practices, which may oppose new forces of
  differentiation and integration.