Introduction to globalisation of higher education

1
Introduction to globalisation of higher education

• Terhi Nokkala, CoCo
• 26.10.2002

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Different roles of HE in society
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Different roles of HE in society

• Human right

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Different roles of HE in society

• Human right
• Means for personal growth

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Different roles of HE in society

• Human right
• Means for personal growth
• Means for advansing individuals position in
  society

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Different roles of HE in society

• Human right
• Means for personal growth
• Means for advansing individuals position in
  society
• Means for societal structuring

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Different roles of HE in society

• Human right
• Means for personal growth
• Means for advansing individuals position in
  society
• Means for societal structuring
• Means for advancing economic growth in society

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Different roles of HE in society

• Human right
• Means for personal growth
• Means for advansing individuals position in
  society
• Means for societal structuring
• Means for advancing economic growth in society
• Means for advansing knowledge and culture

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Different roles of HE in society

• Human right
• Means for personal growth
• Means for advansing individuals position in
  society
• Means for societal structuring
• Means for advancing economic growth in society
• Means for advansing knowledge and culture
• Tradable service

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Why do nation-states invest in HE?
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Why do nation-states invest in HE?

• Cultural aims

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Why do nation-states invest in HE?

• Cultural aims
• Political aims

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Why do nation-states invest in HE?

• Cultural aims
• Political aims
• Social aims

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Why do nation-states invest in HE?

• Cultural aims
• Political aims
• Social aims
• Economic aims

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Why do nation-states invest in HE?

• Cultural aims
• Political aims
• Social aims
• Economic aims
• -gt Importance of HE on national, regional and
  international levels

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Changes in HE

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Changes in HE

• From national mission of HE
• gt to international trade in HE

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Changes in HE

• From national mission of HE
• gt to international trade in HE
• From social and cultural role of HE
• gt to increasing economic importance

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Changes in HE

• From national mission of HE
• gt to international trade in HE
• From social and cultural role of HE
• gt to increasing economic importance
• From state control
• gt to state supervision and accountability

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Changes in HE

• From national mission of HE
• gt to international trade in HE
• From social and cultural role of HE
• gt to increasing economic importance
• From state control
• gt to state supervision and accountability
• From one primary definer of HE (the state)
• gt to multiple stakeholders

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Changes inHE
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Changes in HE

• Diversification to meet the new demands (sectors,
  levels, providers, contents)

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Changes in HE

• Diversification to meet the new demands (sectors,
  levels, providers, contents)
• Increasing flexibility of HEIs

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Changes in HE

• Diversification to meet the new demands (sectors,
  levels, providers, contents)
• Increasing flexibility of HEIs
• Reaching beyond nation-states
• gt European co-operation EHEA, ERA, Lisbon

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Changes in HE

• Diversification to meet the new demands (sectors,
  levels, providers, contents)
• Increasing flexibility of HEIs
• Reaching beyond nation-states
• gt European co-operation EHEA, ERA, Lisbon
• Global markets

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Internationalisation vs globalisation
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Internationalisation vs globalisation

• Inherent, traditional internationality (focus on
  academia)

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Internationalisation vs globalisation

• Inherent, traditional internationality (focus on
  academia)
• Deliberate internationalisation (focus on
  nation-states)

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Internationalisation vs globalisation

• Inherent, traditional internationality (focus on
  academia)
• Deliberate internationalisation (focus on
  nation-states)
• Levels institutional, national international

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Internationalisation vs globalisation

• Inherent, traditional internationality (focus on
  academia)
• Deliberate internationalisation (focus on
  nation-states)
• Levels institutional, national international
• Regulation by nation-states

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Internationalisation vs globalisation

• Inherent, traditional internationality (focus on
  academia)
• Deliberate internationalisation (focus on
  nation-states)
• Levels institutional, national international
• Regulation by nation-states
• -gt Focus on co-operation

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Internationalisation vs globalisation

• Inherent, traditional internationality (focus on
  academia)
• Deliberate internationalisation (focus on
  nation-states)
• Levels institutional, national international
• Regulation by nation-states
• -gt Focus on co-operation

• Disembedding of provision and regulation

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Internationalisation vs globalisation

• Inherent, traditional internationality (focus on
  academia)
• Deliberate internationalisation (focus on
  nation-states)
• Levels institutional, national international
• Regulation by nation-states
• -gt Focus on co-operation

• Disembedding of provision and regulation
• Competitive market for HE

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Internationalisation vs globalisation

• Inherent, traditional internationality (focus on
  academia)
• Deliberate internationalisation (focus on
  nation-states)
• Levels institutional, national international
• Regulation by nation-states
• -gt Focus on co-operation

• Disembedding of provision and regulation
• Competitive market for HE
• Multiple actors

35
Internationalisation vs globalisation

• Inherent, traditional internationality (focus on
  academia)
• Deliberate internationalisation (focus on
  nation-states)
• Levels institutional, national international
• Regulation by nation-states
• -gt Focus on co-operation

• Disembedding of provision and regulation
• Competitive market for HE
• Multiple actors
• New challenges quality assurance, recognition,
  national objectives

36
Internationalisation vs globalisation

• Inherent, traditional internationality (focus on
  academia)
• Deliberate internationalisation (focus on
  nation-states)
• Levels institutional, national international
• Regulation by nation-states
• -gt Focus on co-operation

• Disembedding of provision and regulation
• Competitive market for HE
• Multiple actors
• New challenges quality assurance, recognition,
  national objectives
• -gt Focus on competition and alliances

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Growing international market for HE
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Growing international market for HE

• Trade in HE 3 of annual turnover of OECD trade
  in services

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Growing international market for HE

• Trade in HE 3 of annual turnover of OECD trade
  in services
• 30 billion US in 1999 (only mode 3, consumption
  abroad)

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Growing international market for HE

• Trade in HE 3 of annual turnover of OECD trade
  in services
• 30 billion US in 1999 (only mode 3, consumption
  abroad)
• Australia, New Zealand, USA, UK the biggest
  providers

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Growing international market for HE

• Trade in HE 3 of annual turnover of OECD trade
  in services
• 30 billion US in 1999 (only mode 3, consumption
  abroad)
• Australia, New Zealand, USA, UK the biggest
  providers
• One of the fastest growing sectors of trade in
  services

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The global field of HE the new definers


SUPRANATIONAL

ACTORS (like WTO, EU)

AND STRUCTURES (like

GATS)






TRANS
-


INTER
-

NATIONAL

NATIONAL
ACTORS

ACTORS (like
(TNE providers)

UNESCO, OECD)
AND


STRUCTURES

(like Bologna,

)
Lissabon
NATION STATE

SUBNATIONAL

ACTORS

(HEIs)

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New challenges to National HE systems
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New challenges to National HE systems

• Is it possible to attain social and cultural
  goals of HE with globalised HE?

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New challenges to National HE systems

• Is it possible to attain social and cultural
  goals of HE with globalised HE?
• Is it possible to attain economic goals without
  globalised HE?

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New challenges to National HE systems

• Is it possible to attain social and cultural
  goals of HE with globalised HE?
• Is it possible to attain economic goals without
  globalised HE?
• How to define higher education?