Urban Wildlife

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Urban Wildlife

• NR 250

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Michigan Land Use, 1980
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Michigan Land Use, 2020
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Michigan Land Use, 2040
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Southeast Michigan, 1980
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Southeast Michigan, 2040
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Times are a changing

• Urbanization began 250 yrs ago
• 1950 29 population in cities
• 2010 50 will be in cities

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Urbanization and wildlife

• Many extirpated after development
• Specialists most affected
• Urbanization is the 2nd most frequent cause for
  endangerment in US
• Some tolerate it
• Others increase few in this category
• Generalist species can survive
• Nuisance wildlife

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Urbanization and wildlife

• Many extirpated after development
• Habitat loss
• Pollutants
• Limited energy recycling
• New landscape created ecology developed over
  thousands of yrs but cities 250 yrs

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Urbanization and wildlife

• Many extirpated after development
• Humans and pets
• Traffic and habitat fragmentation
• More exotic species

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Urbanization and wildlife

• Others increase few in this category
• Food sources
• Milder climate with buildings, pipes, etc.
• Birds-granivores and omnivores more common
• Lower species diversity

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General trends birds
Adams et al. 2005. Managing urban habitats and
wildlife In Techniques for Wildlife
Investigations and Management, The Wildlife
Society, pp. 714-740.
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Nuisance wildlife

• Generalists
• Overabundance of
• food
• water
• space
• cover

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Raccoons

• Diseases
• Feces
• Garbage
• Exclude from property
• Trap and kill
• Translocation is a bad idea!!!!!

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To promote bird use

• Increase the number of tree species
• Conifers and deciduous trees
• Increase cover
• Vary time of fruiting
• Keep snags
• Water

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• LANDSCAPE FEATURES
• Conifers

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• LANDSCAPE FEATURES
• Conifers
• Abundant year-around cover

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• LANDSCAPE FEATURES
• Conifers
• Abundant year-around cover
• Limited food

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• LANDSCAPE FEATURES
• Conifers
• Abundant year-around cover
• Limited food
• Maximize benefits by..
• Increasing the cover value by planting in groups

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• LANDSCAPE FEATURES
• Deciduous trees

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• LANDSCAPE FEATURES
• Deciduous trees
• Seasonal cover

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• LANDSCAPE FEATURES
• Deciduous trees
• Seasonal cover
• Den sites

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• LANDSCAPE FEATURES
• Deciduous trees
• Seasonal cover
• Den sites
• Loafing and hunting sites

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• LANDSCAPE FEATURES
• Deciduous trees
• Seasonal cover
• Den sites
• Loafing and hunting sites
• Abundant food (mast, fruit,
• nectar, insects, foliage)

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• Maximize benefits by..
• Planting a variety of species

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• Maximize benefits by..
• Planting a variety of species
• Vary seasons of flowering and fruiting

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• Maximize benefits by..
• Preserve snags and dead limbs when possible

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• Maximize benefits by..
• Increasing the cover value
• Place close to food, water, loafing sites, etc.

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• Water
• Drinking and bathing
• Food
• insects, aquatic inverts

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• Maximize benefits by
• Placing water near cover