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WILLS

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Title: WILLS


1
WILLS TRUSTS OUTLINE
  • D. Kelly Weisberg
  • Professor of Law

2
INTRODUCTIONChapter 1
  • INTRODUCTION
  • Personal
  • Course Description
  • HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
  • Real Property
  • Personal Property
  • Chancery Third System of Courts
  • TERMINOLOGY
  • Consequences of Three-Tier Court System
  • Other Points About Terminology
  • UNIFORM PROBATE CODE (UPC)
  • SOCIAL POLICY CONCERNS

3
WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR
4
WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR
5
(No Transcript)
6
WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR
7
WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR
8
INTESTATE SUCCESSIONChapter 2
  • INTRODUCTION
  • Intestacy Survey
  • Terminology
  • SHARE OF THE SURVIVING SPOUSE
  • Statute of Distribution (Common Law)
  • UPC
  • California
  • SHARE OF DOMESTIC PARTNERS
  • SHARE OF ISSUE
  • Statute of Distribution (Common Law)
  • UPC
  • California
  • REPRESENTATION Maud v. Catherwood

9
S. Clinton and Azalea Hastings
Robert Paul
Ella
Clara
Marshall
Flora
Charles F.D.
Lillie
Cha
Louise Maud
Azalea
Hoyt
Seranus
Ethel
Harry
Elizabeth
Charles
Jennie
JJ
Joseph
Jan
10
INTESTATE SUCCESSIONChapter 2 (contd)
  • SHARE OF ASCENDANTS COLLATERAL RELATIVES
  • Civil law
  • Common law
  • Parentelic
  • Problems

11
INTESTATE SUCCESSIONChapter 2 (contd)
  • SPECIAL PROBLEMS OF STATUS
  • Posthumous Heirs
  • Aliens
  • Half-bloods
  • Simultaneous Death
  • Adoption

12
INTESTATE SUCCESSIONChapter 2 (contd)
  • ADOPTION
  • By, From, Through
  • Stepparent Adoption
  • Equitable Adoption
  • Adult Adoption
  • Estate of Ford
  • NONMARITAL CHILDREN
  • DISQUALIFICATION FOR MISCONDUCT

13
INTESTATE SUCCESSIONChapter 2 (contd)
  • PRIOR TRANSACTIONS OF THE DECEDENT
  • Advancements
  • Definition
  • Intention
  • To Whom It Applies
  • Hotchpot
  • Effect on Share of Surviving Spouse
  • Effect on Share of Donees Issue
  • Valuation
  • Releases and Assignments
  • Definition
  • Effect on Releasors/Assignors Heirs

14
FAMILY PROTECTION AND RESTRICTIONS ON
TESTATIONChapter 3
  • ALLOWANCES, HOMESTEADS AND EXEMPTIONS
  • Family Support Allowance
  • Homestead Exemption Laws
  • Personal Property Exemptions
  • ADDITIONAL COMMON LAW AND STATUTORY RIGHTS OF THE
    SURVIVING SPOUSE
  • Dower
  • Curtesy
  • Statutory Forced Share
  • Community Property

15
FAMILY PROTECTION AND RESTRICTIONS ON
TESTATIONChapter 3 (contd)
  • ATTEMPTS TO DEFEAT SURVIVING SPOUSES RIGHTS
  • Election by the Surviving Spouse
  • UPC Augmented Estate Concept
  • Effect of Surviving Spouses Election on Estate
    Plan
  • PROTECTING RIGHTS OF OMITTED FAMILY MEMBERS
    (PRETERMITTED HEIRS)
  • Pretermitted Issue
  • Definition
  • Types of Statutes
  • Extrinsic Evidence
  • To Whom applies
  • Limitation (Dispose of All of Estate)
  • Pretermitted Spouse
  • CHARITABLE RESTRICTIONS

16
EXECUTION OF WILLSChapter 4
  • FUNCTIONS OF FORMALITIES
  • FORMAL REQUIREMENTS
  • History
  • Writing
  • Signature
  • Publication versus Acknowledgment
  • Attestation
  • Testamentary Intent
  • Attestation Clause
  • SAFEKEEPING OF WILLSl

17
EXECUTION OF WILLSChapter 4 (contd)
  • SIGNATURE
  • Definition
  • End Requirement
  • Effect of Material After Signature
  • PUBLICATION VERSUS ACKNOWLEDGMENT
  • ATTESTATION
  • Presence Requirement (Cunningham case)
  • Interested versus Competent Witnesses
  • Self-proved Wills
  • TESTAMENTARY INTENT
  • Defined
  • Conditional Wills
  • Letter Cases
  • ATTESTATION CLAUSE

18
EXECUTION OF WILLSChapter 4 (contd)
  • HOLOGRAPHIC WILLS
  • Requirements
  • Problem of Non-Holographic Material
  • Letterhead Will Forms
  • Theories to Validate Such a Will
  • Surplusage
  • Intent to Incorporate
  • UPC
  • ORAL WILLS
  • Nuncupative Wills
  • Soldiers and Sailors Wills

19
WILL DOCTRINESChapter 5
  • INTEGRATION
  • Requirements
  • REVOCATION BY CODICIL
  • Codicil definition
  • Effect Will Speaks Again as of Date of Codicil
  • Application Dependent on Testators Intention
  • Problems
  • INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
  • Defined
  • Requirements
  • Distinguished from Republication
  • Holographic versus Non-holographic Material
  • Liberal trend

20
WILL DOCTRINESChapter 5 (contd)
  • FACTS OR ACTS OF INDEPENDENT SIGNIFICANCE
  • Defined
  • Requirements
  • Distinguished from Incorporation by Reference
  • Use
  • Liberal trend (UPC)

21
WILL DOCTRINESChapter 5 (contd)
  • EXTRINSIC EVIDENCE
  • Definition
  • Rules
  • Plain Meaning Rule
  • Patent versus Latent Ambiguity Rule
  • Oral Declarations
  • State of Mind
  • Miscellaneous Repugnancy, Read Will as a Whole,
    Avoid Intestacy
  • Interpretation versus Construction

22
WLIL DOCTRINESChapter 5 (contd)
  • MISTAKE
  • Mistake in Execution
  • Mistake in Omission
  • Mistake in Misdescription
  • Property
  • Persons
  • Mistake in the Inducement

23
WILL REVOCATIONChapter 6 (contd)
  • REVOCATION BY PHYSICAL ACT
  • REVOCATION BY SUBSEQUENT INSTRUMENT
  • REVOCATION BY OPERATION OF LAW
  • RE-ESTABLISHING REVOKED WILLS

24
WILL REVOCATIONChapter 6
  • REVOCATION BY PHYSICAL ACT
  • A. Statutory Requirements Regarding
    Sufficiency
  • B. Requirement of Concurrent Intent
  • C. Partial Revocation
  • D. Proxy Revocation
  • E. Common Law Presumption of Revocation
  • F. Lost/Destroyed Wills

25
WILL REVOCATIONChapter 6 (contd)
  • REVOCATION BY SUBSEQUENT INSTRUMENT
  • Majority rule sufficient to simply revoke
  • Can be by will or codicil if executed with
    formalities
  • Unexpressed intent of revocation what do we do
    when we dont know what testator intended?

26
WILL REVOCATIONChapter 6 (contd)
  • REVOCATION BY OPERATION OF LAW
  • Divorce
  • Traditional View (does not revoke will)
  • Modern View (modern statutes do revoke will)
  • Subsequent marriage
  • Modern View (will is revoked as to spouse)
  • Exception wills in contemplation of marriage

27
WILL REVOCATIONChapter 6 (contd)
  • RE-ESTABLISHING REVOKED WILLS
  • Revival
  • Revocation of Revoking Codicil
  • Automatic Revival
  • Anti-Revival
  • Dependent Relevant Revocation (DRR)
  • Mistake Doctrine
  • Effect validates will, disregards revocation
  • Limitation some courts apply DRR only if theres
    new, ineffective disposition or if revocation of
    Will 2 was by physical act
  • Admissibility of extrinsic evidence
  • Criticism mechanical application

28
WILL CONTRACTS(Chapter 7)
  • TYPES OF WILL CONTRACTS
  • EXISTENCE OF A CONTRACT
  • DEFENSES
  • REVOCABILITY
  • REMEDIES FOR BREACH GENERALLY
  • REMEDIES FOR WRONGFUL REVOCATION
  • EFFECT OF WILL CONTRACT ON SHARE OF SURVIVING
    SPOUSE

29
WILL SUBSTITUTESChapter 8
  • LIFE INSURANCE
  • JOINT TENANCY AND JOINT OWNERSHIP
  • CONTRACT RIGHTS
  • MULTIPLE PARTY ACCOUNTS
  • GIFTS GIFTS CAUSA MORTIS
  • DEEDS

30
INTRODUCTION TO TRUSTS
  • INTRODUCTION
  • History
  • Definition
  • Parties
  • Purposes
  • CLASSIFICATION
  • Inter vivos v. Testamentary
  • Written v. Oral
  • Express v. Operation of law
  • Active v. Passive
  • Trust v. Other Relationship
  • INTENTION

31
Chapter 9 Elements of a Trust
  • Intention
  • Trustee
  • Beneficiary
  • Specific trust property
  • Valid trust purpose

32
Chapter 12CREATION OF TRUSTS
  • Trusts Created by Will Secret Semi-Secret
    trusts
  • Inter vivos trusts
  • Methods of trust creation
  • Formalities writing requirement
  • Statute of Frauds
  • Parol Evidence Rule
  • Oral trusts for the settlor
  • Oral trusts for third parties

33
Chapter 12 Creation of trusts
  • Introduction
  • Advantages
  • Common Problems (Osborn, Roberts)
  • Types of Revocable Trusts
  • Savings Bank Trusts
  • Life Insurance Trusts
  • Pour-over Trusts
  • Policies Restricting Testation Surviving
    Spouses Rights and Creditors Rights

34
Chapter 13Nature of Beneficiarys Interests
  • Enforceability of Beneficiarys Interest
  • Transferability of Beneficiarys Interest
  • Amenability of Beneficiarys Interest to Creditors

35
Chapter 14 Modification Termination of Trusts
  • Settlors Power to Modify or Terminate
  • Trustees Power to Modify or Terminate
  • Beneficiarys Power to Modify or Terminate
  • Judicial Power to Modify or Terminate

36
Chapter 15Charitable Trusts
  • Introduction
  • History
  • Nature of Charitable Trusts
  • Charitable Purposes
  • Modification of Charitable Trusts
  • Supervision and Enforcement of Charitable Trusts

37
Chapter 16Fiduciary Administration
  • Function of Administration
  • Probate and Contest of Wills
  • Opening Administration
  • Appointing a Personal Representative
  • Tasks of the Personal Representative
  • Estate Trust Proceedings
  • Payment of Creditors Claims

38
Chapter 16 (contd)FIDUCIARY ADMINISTRATION
  • Tasks of the Personal Representative
  • Inventory and Collect the Decedents Assets
  • Management of the Assets During Administration
  • Receive and Pay Creditors Claims
  • Distribute the Remaining Assets to Heirs or
    Beneficiaries

39
Chapter 17The Fiduciary Office
  • Qualification, Selection, Appointment Removal
    of Fiduciaries
  • Rights to Compensation Indemnification
  • General Fiduciary Standard
  • Fiduciary Duties
  • Duty of Loyalty
  • Duty to Provide Information Render Accounts
  • Duty to Identify Segregate
  • Duty to Delegate

40
Chapter 11 Construction Problems in Estate
Trust Proceedings
  • Classification
  • Distributive Problems
  • Ademption
  • Satisfaction
  • Abatement
  • Miscellaneous
  • Class Gifts
  • Survival Requirements Lapse
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