DOE Distribution Transformer Efficiency Standards

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DOE Distribution Transformer Efficiency Standards

• IEEE Rural Electric Power Conference
• Charleston, SC
• April 29, 2008
• Bob Saint Principal Distribution Engineer,
  Energy Policy
• NRECA

Transmission Distribution Engineering
Committee (TDEC)
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DOE Appliances and Commercial Equipment
Standards Program

• Develops test procedures and minimum efficiency
  standards for residential appliances and
  commercial equipment
• Applies to products manufactured for sale in as
  well as those imported into the United States

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Laws and Regulations

• The Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA) of
  1975 established an energy conservation program
  for major household appliances.
• The National Energy Conservation Policy Act of
  1978 amended EPCA to add Part C of Title III,
  which established an energy conservation program
  for certain industrial equipment.
• The Energy Policy Act of 1992 amended EPCA to add
  certain commercial equipment, including
  distribution transformers.

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Residential Products

• Battery Chargers External Power Supplies
• Central Air Conditioners Heat Pumps
• Clothes Dryers
• Clothes Washers
• Cooking Products
• Dehumidifiers
• Dishwashers
• Furnaces Boilers

• Fluorescent Incandescent Lamps
• Fluorescent Lamp Ballasts
• Plumbing Products
• Pool Heaters
• Refrigerators Freezers
• Room Air Conditioners
• Small Duct, High Velocity Air Conditioners
• Torchieres
• Water Heaters

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Commercial Equipment

• Heating, Air Conditioning and Water Heating
  Equipment Clothes Washers
• Distribution Transformers
• Electric Motors
• Furnaces Boilers
• High Intensity Discharge Lamps
• Refrigerated Beverage Vending Machines
• Refrigeration Equipment
• Small Electric Motors
• Unitary Air Conditioners Heat Pumps
• Water Heaters

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DOE Actions on Distribution Transformers

• Determination Analysis
• Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1994-1996 White
  Papers
• "Based on its analysis of the information now
  available, the Department has determined that
  energy conservation standards for transformers
  appear to be technologically feasible and
  economically justified, and are likely to result
  in significant savings" (October 22, 1997).

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DOE Actions on Distribution Transformers

• Test Procedure started in 1998.
• NOPR November 12, 1998
• SNOPR Public Meeting, September 27, 2004
• Final Rule, published on April 27, 2006.
• Technical Correction, October 16, 2006

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DOE Actions on Distribution Transformers

• Energy Conservation Standard started in 2000.
• Framework Document Workshop, November 1, 2000
• Draft analyses published 2001 through 2003
• ANOPR published July 29, 2004
• Public Meeting, September 28, 2004
• EPAct 2005 establishes standards for Dry-type
  Transformers effective January 1, 2007
• NOPR, August 4, 2006
• Public Meeting, September 27, 2006
• Final Rule Published October 12, 3007
• Effective January 1, 2010

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NRECA TDEC System Planning Subcommittee
Involvement

• Ken Winder - Moon Lake EA, Utah (lead)
• Commented on ANOPR and NOPR
• Met with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
  Team February 22, 2005
• http//www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_sta
  ndards/

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The Energy Policy and Conservation Act directs
DOE to take into consideration seven factors when
setting energy conservation standards
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DOE Efficiency Calculations

• Efficiency Power OUT/Power IN
• EFF 100 x kVA x 0.5
• kVA x 0.5 ((NL LL x 0.91x 0.52)/1000)
• Where
• EFF Efficiency means the ration of the useful
  power to the total power input for DOE Rule it
  is calculated at 50 Load
• kVA Transformer Capacity in kilo-volt Amperes
• NL No Load (Core) Losses corrected to 20oC
• LL Load Losses corrected to 85oC
• 0.091 Load Loss Temperature correction from
  85oC to 55oC

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Trial Standard Levels (TSLs) span levels from the
voluntary industry standard to maximum
technologically feasible.

• Six Trial Standard Levels were considered
• TSL1 NEMA TP 1-2002 (industry voluntary
  standard)
• TSL2 1/3 of the efficiency between TP 1 and Min
  LCC (TSL4)
• TSL3 2/3 of the efficiency between TP 1 and Min
  LCC (TSL4)
• TSL4 minimum life-cycle cost (LCC)
• TSL5 maximum energy savings with no change in
  LCC
• TSL6 maximum technologically feasible
• Similar to the Candidate Standard Levels
  published in the ANOPR
• On liquid-immersed, some TSLs slightly modified
  for consistency or for core steel grouping

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Industry Positions

• DOE NOPR, NRECA TDEC TSL2
• NEMA TSL1 (NEMA TP-1)
• EEI, APPA, Environmental Groups, ABB TSL4

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Single Phase Efficiency ()
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Three Phase Efficiency ()
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Fraction of Transformers Purchased by Rural
Electric Cooperatives that will be Affected by
TSL2
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Fraction of Transformers Purchased by Rural
Electric Cooperatives that will be Affected by
TSL4
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Summary of Distribution Transformer Analytical
Results
During the period 2010-2038
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Legal Actions

• The State of California along with Sierra Club,
  and NRDC filed a lawsuit against DOE, claiming
  that it failed to follow the requirements of the
  National Environmental Policy Act
• The States of New York, New Jersey, and
  Connecticut as well as New York City have filed
  to intervene on the side of California
• NEMA filed to intervene on the side of DOE
• NEMA does not anticipate a ruling before year end
  2008
• Consensus is that the current DOE Rules will be
  implemented as stated in 1/1/2010, with possible
  increased efficiencies to follow