Culture and Community

1
Culture and Community

• Chapter 5

2
Statistics and Definitions

• ¼ poverty
• Under age of three 1/3?50 of African Americans
  children are poor
• US poor are almost 50 higher than any other
  developed Western nation
• Children growing up in poverty are twice as
  likely to be retained
• 1/3 lives in a one parent home (usually mother)
• Minorities will increase by 2020
• By 2050 no majority or minority groups
• Definitions
• Culture knowledge, values attitudes that rule
  behaviors
• Melting pot absorption and assimilation?Cultural
  deficit model
• Multicultural education
• Content integration?example using culture
• Knowledge construction process?how culture shapes
  thinking
• An equity pedagogy?matching teaching styles to
  students learning
• styles
• Prejudice reduction?identifying prejudice and
  fighting it
• Empowering school and social culture?celebration!

3
Who are the Poor? Less than 20,000 for family
of 4 Racial differences

• SES
• Relative standing
• in society based
• on
• income
• occupation
• education
• home
• health
• neighborhood
• college
• power

Social Class Differences

• SES Achievement are
• closely related
• poor health care
• low expectations
• low self esteem
• learned helplessness
• peer influences
• resistant culture
• tracking
• childrearing styles
• home environment
• resources

4
Ethnic and Racial Differences

• Legacy of Discrimination
• Development of
• Prejudice (age 6)?us
• and them
• Authoritarian
• Personality
• Stereotypes
• Continuing
• Discrimination

• Changing Demographics
• Ethnicity cultural Heritage
• Race common biological
• Minority Group socially
• disadvantaged
• Cultural Conflict
• Cultural Compatibility

School Achievement

• Stereotype Threat extra emotional and
• and cognitive burden confirming stereotype that
• Others have about you
• Short term effectstests
• Long term effects?disidentification or self
• defeating strategies instead of coping
• Combating stereotype threat

5
Gender Differences
Beliefs Androgeny - instrumental and
expressive Gender role stereotyping Starting
during preschool
Gender Role Identity
Gender Schema
What it means to be male or female Influences
processing social Information?attention memory
Society
Influence self esteem
Gender Biases?curriculum and classrooms

• Gender differences and mental abilities? few are
  found
• but after graduation males make more
• Reading at the elementary schoolgtfor girls
• Advanced math and spatial abilities for gifted
  boys
• Advanced placement classes?more males

6
Language Differences in the Classroom
Dialect (particular group) vs. standard speech
(use of Ebonics)
Dialect Pronunciation Endings/possessions/ Homon
yms
Dialects Teaching Code switching to fit
situation
Bilingualism ESL LEP vs. ELL
Becoming Bilingual Politics Semi-lingual
Bilingual Education Immersion Transition
Maintenance
Research in Bilingual Education Scaffolding/media
tion/feedback Background knowledge?challenge Invol
vement and respect
7
Sociolinguistics

• Participation structures?formaql and informal
  classroom participation rules
• Sources of misunderstandings
• Eye contact
• Wait time
• Knowledge of pragmantics
• All students achieve academic success
• Develop and maintain cultural competence
  (minority and majority culture
• Challenge the status quo

Culturally-Relevant Pedagogy
8
Bringing It All Together
Know your students
Respect your students
Teach your students
Meaning and understanding Balance routines with
complex skills Give reasons for
learning Influence attitudes and
beliefs Eliminate unnecessary redundancy Use
different sitting arrangements Accommodate to
learning styles Teach classroom procedures
directly Get to know customs and
traditions?detect and eliminate racism