English Cognates in Various Indo-European Languages

1
English Cognates in Various Indo-European
Languages

• By Don L. F. Nilsen
• And Alleen Pace Nilsen

2
Why English Speakers Dont Learn Other Languages

• The English Channel separates England, Scotland,
  Wales and Ireland from mainland Europe.
• The Atlantic Ocean separates the United States
  and Canada from Europe.
• The Pacific Ocean separates Australia and New
  Zealand from Europe.

3
English as a Global Language

• As a result, English speakers tend not to learn
  other languages, but
• The English Language borrows extensively from
  other languages, and thats why there are so many
  English cognates in the other Indo-European
  languages.

4
Englishs Linguistic RelativesA Study in Family
Resemblance

• Old English is the mother of English.
• The Germanic languages are closely relatedlets
  say cousins.
• The Romance languages are less-closely
  relatedlets say second cousins.
• The Celtic languages are more distantly
  relatedlets say second cousins once removed.
• The Indo-Iranian and Balto-Slavic languages are
  more distantly relatedlets say third cousins.

5
Languages in Contact Borrowings and Migrations

• English has been influenced by French
• During the Middle Ages
• During the 100-year Norman Occupation
• From the Parisian French of haut couture.
• From the Canadian French of exploration.
• From New Orleans French

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• American English has been influenced by Mexican
  Spanish in the Southwest and by Puerto Rican,
  Canadian, and Caribbean Spanish in the Southeast.
• American English has been influenced by Dutch in
  Holland, Michigan and in New Amsterdam and
  Harlem, New York.
• American English has been influenced by German
  (Pennsylvania Dutch) in Pennsylvania.

7
English vs. Celtic Names
Anne Brian Catherine Charles Chloe Gerard Ian James Jane John Mary Patrick Peter Ryan Thomas Áine Brion Catriona Cathal Clodagh Gearóid Eóin Seamus Soméad Sean/Ian Máire/Múire Padhraig Peádhar Rian Tomás
8
English vs. French Names
George Henry Jack John Paul Peter Robert Susan William ----- Stephen Colbert David Cornwell Georges Henri Jacques Jean Paul Pierre, Suzanne Guillaume ----- Stephen Colbert John Le Carré
9
French Place Names in U.S.
Baton Rouge Detroit De Moines Lafayette Louisville Louisiana New Orleans Sault Ste. Marie
10
English vs. German
English /sk/ Scaffold Scale Scholar School Scot Scotch Scribble Scrub German /šk/ Schafott Schale Schüler Schule Schotte Schottish Schreiber Schrubben English /sp/ Spaghetti Spanish Speak Spectrum Speech Spin Spinach Spool Sport German /šp/ Spaghetti Spanische Sprechen Spektrum Sprache Spinnen Spinat Spule Sport
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English vs. German Names
John William ----- Frederick Austerlitz Bernard Schwartz Gerald Silberman Larry Ziegler Johann Wilhelm ----- Fred Astaire Tony Curtis Gene Wilder Larry King
12
English vs. German Verbs
Cook, Cooked Drink, Drank, Drunk Love, Loved Swim, Swam, Swum Write, Wrote, Written NOTE In all languages it is the most frequent verbs that are irregular. This is because a verb has to occur frequently for it to maintain its irregularity. If it doesnt occur frequently enough, it will tend to become regularized. Koch Kochte Trink, Trank Getrunken Lieb, Liebt Schwim, Schwam, Geschwommen Schreib, Schrieb, Geschrieben (NOTE English scribe, scribble, script, etc) (Examples provided by Eric Kolb)
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English vs. Italian
English fl- Flask Flower Florence Flame Flat Italian fi- Fiasco Fiore Firenze Fiamma Piatto English pl- Plane Plus Plume Planet Plant place Italian pi- Piano Piu Piuma Pianeto Pianta piazza
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English vs. Italian Names
Anthony Catherine Frank James John Joseph Leonard Louis Mary Paul Peter Robert ----- Louise Ciccone Daniel Michaeli Dino Crocetti Antonio Catarina Francesco Giacomo Giovanni Giuseppe Leonardo Luigi Maria Paulo Pietro Roberto ----- Madonna Danny DeVito Dean Martin
15
English vs. Spanish French
English sc- sp- st- School Space Spain Spanish Special Spinach Spiral Spirit Stable Stigma State Stake Student Spanish esc- esp- est- Escuela Espacio España Español Especial Espinacas Espiral Espiritu Estable Estigma Estado Estaca Estudiante French éc- é(s)p- ét- Étudiant École Espace Épinards Esprit Étable État
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English vs. Spanish Names
English Alfred Alice Arman Arthur Charles Edward Frances Gerald James Jesus John Joseph Spanish Alfredo Alicia Armando Arturo Carlos Eduwado Francesca Geraldo Jaime/Diego/Iago Jesus Juan Jose English Mark Matthew Michael Paul Peter Robert Rose William ----- Carlos Esteves Jerry Rivers Spanish Marco Mateo Miguel Pablo Pedro Roberto Rosa Guillermo ----- Chuck Norris Geraldo Rivero
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Spanish Place Names in U.S.
Alamgordo Amarillo Colorado Corpus Christi El Paso Florida Fresno Laredo Las Cruces Las Vegas Los Alamos Los Angeles Merced Nevada Rio Salado River Sacramento San Angelo San Antonio San Clemente San Diego San Francisco San Juan San Jose San Louis Obispo San Marcos Santa Fe Santa Maria San Paulo San Rafael Santa Monica San Rafael Sierra Madre Sierra Nevada Tijuana
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English vs. German
English /st/ Stadium Stamp Standard Star Stare State Steak Steel German /št/ Stadion Stampfen Standarte Stern Starren Staat Steak Stahl
19
Grimms LawRomance /b/ ? Germanic /p/
Bursa Bursar Bursitis Labial Purse Purse (betting) Purse ones lips Purse Seine Purse Strings Lip
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Grimms LawRomance /d/ ? Germanic /t/
Dandelion Dent corn Dented fender Dental Dentated leaves Dentures Indented paragraph Orthodontist Gear Tooth Law with teeth Saw Tooth Sweet Tooth Teeth Tooth Doubles (tennis) Dozen Dualistic thinking Dual Personality Dubbing Duel Duet Duo Duplex Duplicate Between Twilight Twin Twine Twist Two Two-faced
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Grimms LawRomance /g/ ? Germanic /k/
Agribusiness Agriculture Agronomy Acre Acreage Acrefoot (of water)
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Grimms LawRomance /p/ ? Germanic /f/
Padres (baseball team) Paternal Paternity Patternoster (patter) Patrilinial Patriot Patriotism Patron Fatherly Father Pyracantha Pyre Pyrex Bowl Pyromania Pyrosis (heart burn) Pyrotechnics Bonfire Cirfew (cover the fire) Fire Firefighter Firefly Firehouse Fireman Fireworks
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Grimms LawRomance /p/ ? Germanic /f/
Pentagon Pentameter Pentecost Fifteen Fifty Five Plate Plateau Platform Plato Platte River Platypus Flat
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Grimms LawRomance /p/ ? Germanic /f/
Centipede Expedition Impediment Pawn Pedal Peddler Pedestal Pedestrian Pedicab Pedicure Pedigree Piedmont Equal footing Film footage Foot Foot soldier Football Foothills Footlights Footnote Footpath Feet NOTE /kw/ Headquarters Latin Quarter Living Quarters Quad(rangle) Quadraped Quadraplegic Quadruplets Quaranteen Quarter Quarterhorse Quarter pounder Quartet Four Four-way stop Four poster bed
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Grimms LawRomance /t/ ? Germanic /?/
Triage Triangle Triathlon Tricorn hat Trident Trinity Trio Triplets Triplicate Tripod Three Threesome
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Grimms LawRomance /k/ ? Germanic /x/ or /h/
Cardiac arrest Cardiologist Coeur dAlene, Idaho Cordial Courage Encourage Discouraged Record Heart Heart attack Heart throb Heartburn Heartfelt Hearts (cards) Hearty Disheartened Learn by heart Purple Heart Sweetheart Canine ----- Capricorn Corn Corner Coronet Cornucopia Tricorn hat Unicorn Hound ----- Cape Horn Car Horn Horn Horn in on someone Hornet Horne of Plenty Toot your own horn
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Celtic Cardinal Numbers
Irish Aon Dó Tri Ceathair Cúig Sé Seacht Ocht Naoi Deich Céad Míle Gaelic ----- Aon Dhà/Dà/Dithis Triùir Ceithir Cùig/Còig Sè/sianar Seichd(nar) Ochd Noa(i)dh/Naoi Deich(near) Ceud/Ciad Mile/DeichCeud Welsh Sero Un Dau/Dwy Tiar/Tri Pedair/Pedwar Pum(p) Chwech Saith Wyth Naw De(n)g Can(tref) Mil
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Celtic Ordinal Numbers
Irish Triú Gaelic Ceudamh Cuidich/Cobhair An Treas Ceathramh Cùigeadh Sèathadh Seachdamh Ochdamh AnNaodhamh Deicheamh An Ceudamh ---- Welsh Centaf/Unfed Amrantiad/Eiliad Trydydd Pedwaredd Pumed Chweched Seithfed Wythfed Nawfed Degwm/Degfed Canfed -----
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Celtic Days of the Week
Irish Dé Luain Dé Máirt Dé Céadaoin Déardaoin Dé hAoine Dé Sathairn Dé Domhnaigh Gaelic Di-Laain Di-Màirt Di-Ciadain Diar-Daoin Di-h-Aoine Di-Sathuirne Di-Domhnaich Welsh Dydd Llun Dydd Mawrth Dydd Mercher Dydd Iao/Difiao Dydd Gwener (Dydd) Sadwrn (Dydd) Sul
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Celtic Months of the Year
Irish Eanair Feabhra Márta Aibreán Bealtaine Meitheamh Lúil Lúnasa Meán Fomhair Deireadh Famhair Samhain Nollaig Scots Gaelic Ceud Mhìos no bliadhna Ceud Mhìos an earraich Am Màrt An Giblean Am Màigh An Òg Mhìos An Seachd- Mhìos Ceud Mhìos an Fhoghair Mios Meadhonach an Fhogahair Mios Deareannach an Fhoghair Ceud- Mhìos a Gheamhraidh Mios Meadhonach a Gheamhraidh Welsh Ionawr/Ionor Chwefror/Mis Bach Mis Mawrth Ebrill Mei Mehefin Gorffennaf Awst Medi Hydref Tachwedd Rhaqfyr
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Celtic Relatives
Irish Athair Máthair Deartháir Deirfiúr Seánathair Seánmháthair Uncail Aintin Mac dearthár/Deirfiúr Tuisti/Thuismitheoirí (Parents) Gaelic Athair Màthair Bràthair Piuthar Seanair Seanamhair Brathair-Athair/Màthar Piuthar-Athair/Màthar Mac Peathar/Bràthar ----- Welsh Tad Mam Brawd Chwaer Tad-cu/Hendad Mam-qu/Nain Ewythr Bopa/Modryb Cefnder/Cyfyrder Nai
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Celtic Subject Pronouns
Irish Mé/Mise Tú(sa) Sé(sean) Sí ---- Muid(e) Thú(sa) Siad/San Gaelic Mì/Mise Thu(sa) È/Se/Esan I/Ise/Si ----- Sinn(e) Sibh(se) Iad(san) Welsh I/Mi/Myfi Ti E(f)(e)/Efo Hi/Hyhi ----- Ni/Nyni Ch(w)I Hwy(nt)
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Germanic Cardinal Numbers
Dutch Nul Een Twee Drie Vier Vijf Zes Zeven Acht Negen Tien Honderd Duizend English Old English Zero ----- One An Two Twegen Three ðrie Four Feower Five Fif Six Siex Seven Seofun Eight Eahta Nine Nigun Ten Tien Hundred Hund(red) Thousand ðusend German Null Ein(s) Zwei Drei Vier Fünf Sechs Sieben Acht Neun Zehn Hundert Tausend Norwegian Null En To Tre Fire Fem Seks Syv Åtte Ni Ti Hundre Tusen
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Germanic Ordinal Numbers
Dutch Eerste Tweede Derde Vierde Vujfde Zesde Zevende Achtste Negende Tiende Honderdste Duizendste English Old English First Forma/Fyrmesta Second Æfterrra/Oðer Third ðridda Fourth Feo(we)rða Fifth Fifta Sixth Siexta Seventh Seoffoða Eighth Eahta Ninth Nigoða Tenth ----- Hundredth ----- Thousandth ----- German Erste Zweite Drittens Vierte Fünfte Sechst Siebent Acht Neunt Zehnt Hundert Tausent Norwegian F?rste Annen Tredje Fjerde Femte Sjette Syvende Åttende Niende Tiende Hundrede Tusende
35
Germanic Days of the Week
Dutch Maandag Dinsdag Woensdag Donderdag Vrijdag Zaterdag Zondag English Old English Monday Monandæg Tuesday Tiwesdæg Wednesday Wodnesdæg Thursday Thursdæg Friday Frigedæg Saturday Sæterndæg Sunday Sunnandæg German Montag Dienstag Mittwoch Donnerstag Freitag Samstag Sonntag Norwegian Mandag Tirsdag Onsdag Torsdag Fredag L?rdag S?ndag
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Germanic Months of the Year
Dutch Januari Februari Maart April Mei Juni Juli Augustus September Oktober November December English Old English January ----- February ----- March ----- April ----- May ----- June ----- July ----- August ----- September ----- October ----- November ----- December ----- German Januar Februar März April Mai Juni Juli August September Oktober November Dezember Norwegian Januar Februar Mars April Mai Juni Juli August September Oktober November Desember
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Germanic Relatives
Dutch Vader/Pater Moeder Zoon Dochter Broer/Broeder Zuster/Zus Grootvader Grootmoeder Oom Tante Neef/Nicht Neef/Nicht English Old English Father Fæder Mother Modor Son Byre Daughter ----- Brother Broðor Sister (Ge)Swoestor Grandfather ----- Grandmother----- Uncle Fædera/Eam Aunt ----- Cousin Suhterga Nephew/Niece Nefa German Vater Mutter Sohn Tochter Bruder Schwester Grossvater Grossmama Onkel Tante Vetter Neffe/Nichte Norwegian Pater Mor Sønn Datter Bror S?ster Farfar Farmor Onkel Tante Kuisine Nevø/Niese
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Germanic Signs of the Zodiac
Dutch ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- English Old English Aries ----- Taurus ----- Gemini ----- Cancer ----- Leo ----- Virgo ----- Libra ----- Scorpio ----- Sagittarius ----- Capricorn ----- Aquarius ----- Pisces ----- German Widder Stier Zwillinge Krebs Löwe Jungfrau Waage Scorpion Schütze Steinbock Wassermann Fische Norwegian ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
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Germanic Subject Pronouns
Dutch Ik Jij/U Hij Zij Het Wij Jullie Zij English OE I Ic You ðu He He She Heo It Hit We We You Eow They Hie German Ich Du Er Sie Es/Das Wir Sie Sie Norwegian Jeg Du Han Hun Den/Det Vi Dere De
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Germanic Object Pronouns
Dutch Mij Jou/U Hem Haar Het Ons Julie Hen English OE Me Me You ðe Him Him Her Hiere It Hit Us Us You Eow Them Hie German Mich/Mir Dich/Ihr/Euch Ihn/Im Sie/Ihr Es/Das Uns Sie Ihnen Norwegian Meg Deg Ham/Han Henne Den/Det Oss Dere Dem
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Indo-Iranian Cardinal Numbers
Hindi Sunya Ek Do Tin Car PaNc Chah/Che Sat Ath Nau Das Sau Hazar Pashto ----- Yo/Yak Dwah/Dwe Dre/Dri Tsalor Pindza Shpag Owah Atah Nuh Las Sal/Sil Zar Persian/Farsi Sefr Yek Do Se Chahar Panj Shesh Haft Hasht Noh Dah Sad Hezar Urdu Sifar Ek Do Tin Car Panc Che Sat Ath No Das Ek/So Hazar
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Indo-Iranian Ordinal Numbers
Hindi Pehala Dusra Tisra Cautha PaNcvaN Chatha SatvaN AthvaN navaN dasvaN Pashto Annal Dwayam Driyam Tsaloram Pindzam Shpagam Owam Atam Nuham Lasam Persian/Farsi Avvalin Dovvom Sevvom Chaharom Panjomi Yeksheshomin Haftomin Yek-Hashtom Nohom Sadomin Urdu Pehla Dusra Tisra Cautha Pancvan Chatta Satvan Athvan Navvan Dasvan
43
Indo-Iranian Days of the Week
Hindi Somvar Mangalvar Budhvar Guruvar Sukravar Sanivar Ravivar Pashto Pir/Gul Sih Shamba Char Shamba Pan Shamba Juma Khali Shamba Yak Shamba Persian/Farsi Doshanbe Seshanbe Chaharshanbe Panjshanbe Jomee Shanbe Yekshanbe Urdu Pir Mangal Budh Jumerat Juma Hafta Itvar
44
Indo-Iranian Months of the Year
Hindi Janvari Farvari Marc Aprail Mai Jun Julai Agast Sitambar Aktubar Navambar Disambar Pashto Mah Paganr Chetar Baisak Jet Har Pashakal Badro Asu Katak Magar Po(h) Persian/Farsi Zhanviye Fevriye Mars Avril Meh Zhoan Zhuiye Aot Septambr Oktobr Novambr Desambr Urdu Janvari Farvari Marc Aprel Mai Jun Julai Sitambar Aktubar Navambar Disambar
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Indo-Iranian Relatives
Hindi Pita Mata Bhai Behn Dada Nani Phupha Bua Phuphera Bhai Bhanja/Bhanji Pashto Plar Mor Wror Khor ----- ----- Kaka/Mama Tror/Tandor Tarbur/Dzoe ----- Persian/Farsi Pedar Mador Baradar Khahar Pedar Bozorg Madar Bozorg Dayi Ameh/Khale ----- ------ Urdu Abba Man Bhai Behen Dada Dadi Caca/Mamun Phupi/xala ----- -----
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Indo-Iranian Subject Pronouns
Hindi MaiN Ap Voh/Yeh Voh/Yeh ----- Ham Voh/Yeh Ve/Ye Pashto Ma Tasu Haghah/Da Hagha/Da Haghah/Da Mung/Mu(g) Mo ----- Persian/Farsi Man Shoma U U An Ma Shoma Anha Urdu Main Ap Vo Vo Vo Ham Log Vo
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Romance Cardinal Numbers
Latin Nihil Unus Duo Tres Quattour Quinque Sex Septum Octum Novem Decem Centum Mille Romanian Zero Unu/Una Doi/Doua Trei Patru Cinci Sase Sapte Opt Noua Zece O suta I mie Italian Zero Uno Due Tre Quattro Cinque Sei Sette Otto Nove Dieci Cento Mille Spanish Cero Uno Dos Tres Cuatro Cinco Sies Siete Ocho Nueve Diez Ciento Mil French Zéro Un/une Deux Trois Quatre Cinq Six Sept Huit Neuf Dix Cent Mille Portuguese Zero/Cipher Um Dois Tres Quatro Cinco Seis Sete Oito Nove Dez Cento Milhar
48
Romance Helenic Ordinal Numbers
Latin Primus Secundus Tertius Quartus Quintus Sextus Septimus Octavus Nonus Decimus Italian Primo Secondo Terzo Quarto Quinto Sesto Settimo Ottavo Nono Decimo Romanian Primul Al doilea Al treilea Al patruela Al cincielea Al saselea Al saptelea Al Optulea Al Noualea Al zecelea Spanish Primero Segundo Tercer(ra) Cuarto(ta) Quinto(ta) Sexto(ta) Septimo(ma) Octavo(va) Noveno(na) Decimo(ma) French Premier Deuxième Troisième Quatrième Cinquième Sixième Septième Huitième Neuvième Dizième Portuguese Primeiro Segundo Terceiro Quarto Quinto Sexto Setimo Oitavo Nono Decimo
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Romance Days of the Week
Latin ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- Dominica Italian Lunedi Martedi Mercoledi Giovedi Venerdi Sabato Domenica Romanian Luni Marti ----- Joi Vineri ----- Dominica Spanish Lunes Martes Miercoles Jeuves Viernes Sabado Domingo French Lundi Mardi Mercredi Jeudi Vendredi Samedi Dimanche Portuguese Segunda-fiera Terça-fiera Quarta-fiera Quinta-fiera Sexta-fiera Sábado Domingo
50
Romance Months of the Year
Latin Ianuarius Februarius Martius Aprilis Maius Iunius Iulius Augustus September October Novembris December Italian Gennaio Febbraio Marzo Aprile Maggio Giugno Iuglio Agosto Settembre Ottobre Novembre Dicembre Romanian Ianuarie Februarie Martie Aprilie ----- ----- ----- August Septembrie ----- ----- ----- Spanish Enero Febrero Marzo Abril Mayo Junio Julio Agosto Septiembre Octubre Noviembre Diciembre French Janvier Février Mars Avril Mai Juin Juillet Aôut Septembre Octobre Novembre Décembre Portuguese Janiero Feveriero Março Abril Maio Junho Julho Agosto Setembro Outubro Noviembro Dezembro
51
Romance Relatives
Latin Pater Mater Frater Soror Filiolus/Filiola Avus Nepos Patruus/Avunculus Amita/Matertera Patruelis/Sobrinus Italian Padre Madre Fratello Sorella Figlio/a Nonno Nipote Zio Zia Cugino/a Romanian Tata Mama Frate Sora Bunic Bunica Unchi Matusa Verisoura Spanish Padre Madre Hermano Hermana Hijo/Hija Abuelo/a Nieto Tio Tia Primo/a French Père Mère Frère Soeur Fils/Fille Grand-père Petit-fils Oncle Tante Cousin(e) Neto/aPortuguese Pai Mãi Irmão Freira Filho/a Neto/a Tio Tia Primo/a
52
Romance Signs of the Zodiac
Latin ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- Italian Ariete Toro Gemelli Cancro Leone Vergine Bilancia Scorpione Sagittario Capricorno Acquario Pesci Romanian ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- Spanish Aries Tauro Géminis Cáncer Leo Virgo Libra Escorpión Sagitario Capricornio Acuario Piscis French ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- Portuguese ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
53
Romance Subject Pronouns
Latin Ego Tu/Te Hic/Ille/Is(te) Illa/Ea/Ista/Haec Hic/Haec/Hoc Nos Vos Is/Ea/Id Italian Io Tu Lui Lei ----- Noi Vui Lo/La Romanian ----- Tu ----- Ea/dínsa ----- Noi Dumneata Ei/Ele Spanish Yo Tu Él Ella Él/Ella Nosotros Vos Ellos/Ellas French Je Tu Il Elle Il/Elle Nous Vous Ils/Elles Portuguese Eu Tu/Te/Ti Ele Ela Ele/Ela Nós Vos(e)(s) Eles/Elas

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Romance Object Pronouns
Latin ----- Tu/Te Hic/ille/is(te) Eius/Illius/Huis ----- Vos Illes/Illas/ Romanian ----- Tu ----- ----- ----- ----- Dumneata ----- Italian Mi Ti Lo/Lui La/Lei ----- Ce Vi Li/Le Spanish Me ----- Lo/Le La/Elle ----- Nos ----- Los/Las French Me Te Le La Le/La Nous Vous Elles/Les/Leur Portuguese Me/Mim ----- Ihe/Ele Ihe/Ela ----- Nós ----- Ihes/Eles
55
Slavic Cardinal Numbers
Bosnian Nula Jedan Dva Tri Cetiri Pet Šest Sedam Osam Devet Deset Stotinu Hiljadu Czech Nula Jeden Dve/Dva Tri Ctyri Pet Šest Sedm Osm Devet Deset Sto Tisíc Croation Nula Jedan/Jedna Dva/Dvije Tri/Troje Cetiri Pet-ero Šest-ero Sedam Osam Devet Deset Sto(tina) Tisuca Polish Zero Jeden Dwa/dwie Trzy Cztery Piec Szesz Siedem Osiem Dziewiec Dziesiec Sto Tysiac Russian Nol Odin Dva Tri Chyetyrye Pyat Shyest Syem Vosyem Dyevyat Dyesyat Sto Tysyacha Serbian Nula Jedan Dva/Dve Tri ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- Sto Hiljada
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Slavic Ordinal Numbers
Bosnian Prvi Drugi Treci Cetvrti Peti Šesti Sedmi Osmi Deveti Deseti Stoti Hiljaditi Czech První Druhý ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- Croation Prvi/a/o Drugi/a/o Treci Cetvrti Peti Šesti Sedmi Osmi Deveti Deseti Stoti Tisuci Polish Pierwszy Drugi Trzeci Czwarty Piaty Szósty Siodmy Ósmy Dziewiaty Dziesiaty Setny Tysieczny Russian Pyervyj Vtoroj Tryetij Chyetvyertyj Pyatyj Shyestoj Syedmoj Vosmoj Dyevyatyj Dyesyatyj ----- ----- Serbian Prvi Drugi Treci ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
57
Slavic Days of the Week
Bosnian Ponedeljak Utorak Srijeda Cetvrtak Petak Subota Nedelja Czech Pondelí Úterý Streda Ctvrtek Pátek Sobota Nedele Croation Ponedjeljak Utorak Srijeda Cetvrtak Petak Subota Nedjelja Polish Pieniadze Wtorek Sroda Czwartek Piatek Sobota Niedziela Russian Ponyedyelnik Vtornik Sryeda Chyetvyerg Pyatnitsa Subbota Voskryesyenye Serbian Ponedeljak Utorak Sreda Cetvrtak Petak Subota Nedelja
58
Slavic Months of the Year
Bosnian Januar Februar Marš April Maj Juni Juli Avgust Septembar Oktobar Novembar Decembar Czech Leden Únor Brezen Duben Máj Cerven Cervenec Srpen Zárí Ríjen Listopad Prosinec Croation Sjecanj Veljaca Ožujak Travanj Svibanj Lipanj Srpanj Kolovoz Rujan Listopad Studeni Prosinac Polish Styczen Luty Marzec Kwiecien Maj Czerwiec Lipiec Sierpien Wrzesien Pazdziernik Listopad Grudzien Russian Yanvar Fyevral Mart Apryel Maj Iyun Iyul Avgust Syentyabr Oktyabr Noyabr Dyekabr Serbian Januar Februar Mart April Maj Jun Jul Avgust Septembar Oktobar Novembar Decembar
59
!Slavic Relatives
Bosnian Babo Majka Brat Sestra Djed/Deda Baba/Baka Ujak/Dajdja Tetka Rodjak/srodnik Czech Otec Matka Bratr Sestra Grænmadzer Grænfádzer Strýc Teta Synovec/Neter Croation Mater/Majka Otak Brat Sestra Djed Baka/Baba Stric/Ujak Tet(k)a Rodak/Rodica Polish Ojciec Matka Brat Siostra Dziadek Babcia Wuj(ek) Ciotka Kuzyn(ka) Russian Otyets Mat Brat Syestra Dyedushka Babushka Dyadya Tyotya Kuzyen(a) Serbian Otac Majka Brat ----- Deda Baka/Baba Stric/Teca/Ujak ----- -----
60
!!Slavic Subject Pronouns
Bosnian Ja Ti On Ona Ono Mi Vi Oni Czech Já Ty On Ona Ono/To My Vy Oni/Ony/Ona Croation Ja Ti On Ona Ono Mi Vi Oni Polish Ja Ty On Ona Ono My Wy Oni Russian Ya Ty On On On My Vy Oni Serbian Ja Ti On Ona Ono Mi Vi Oni
61
!!!Slavic Object Pronouns
Bosnian Mene/Me Ti Njemu/Njega Njen/Njezen Ono Mi Vi Oni Czech Mne/Me/Mne Ty Ho/Jemu Její Ono/To Nás/Nám Vy Jim/Je Croation Meni/Mi Ti On Nju Ono Mi Vi Oni Polish Mnie/mi Ty (Je)mu Jej/Niej Ono Nas/Nam(i) Wy Ich Russian Myenya Tyebye (N)Yemu (N)Yemu (N)Yemu Nas Vam (N)ikh Serbian ----- Ti ---- ---- ---- ---- Vi ----
62
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