Module 8 International Organizations

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Module 8International Organizations

• BCN 1582
• International Sustainable Development

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Overview

• Organizations engaged in developing country
  sustainability
• The role of the United Nations
• Financial organizations The World Bank and the
  International Monetary Fund (IMF)
• The World Trade Organization (WTO)
• The World Business Council on Sustainable
  Development (WBCSD)

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The United Nations

• Originated contemporary SD movement
• Division for Sustainable Development follow on
  to WSSD in Johannesburg (2002)
• poverty eradication
• changing unsustainable patterns of production and
  consumption
• protecting and managing the natural resource base
  of economic and social development
• sustainable development in a globalizing
  world-health and sustainable development
• sustainable development of SIDS
• sustainable development for Africa
• other regional initiatives
• means of implementation
• institutional framework for sustainable
  development gender equality and-education 

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The World Bank Group

• A UN specialized agency
• http//www.worldbank.org
• Not a bank!
• 184 member countries
• Centers its efforts on the Millenium Goals
• Name refers to the International Bank for
  Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the
  International Development Association (IDA)
• Provide low-interest loans, interest free credit,
  and grant s to developing countries
• Repayment 35-40 years
• In fiscal 2004 provided 9 billion financing for
  158 projects in 62 low-income countries
• Money is provided by 40 rich countries

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World Bank Institute Sustainable Development

• Provides training and learning activities that
  support the World Banks mission of poverty
  reduction through sustainable development
• Programs
• Community Empowerment Social Inclusion
• Environment and Natural Resources
• Rural Poverty and Development
• Water

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International Monetary Fund

• The IMF is an organization of 184 countries,
  working to foster global monetary cooperation,
  secure financial stability, facilitate
  international trade, promote high employment and
  sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty.
• It was established to promote international
  monetary cooperation, exchange stability, and
  orderly exchange arrangements to foster economic
  growth and high levels of employment and to
  provide temporary financial assistance to
  countries to help ease balance of payments
  adjustment.
• The IMF seeks to promote sustainable development
  in its fiscal policy advice.

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IMF and Fiscal Policy

• Tax policy sending the right signals
• Subsidies
• Energy
• Tranpsort
• Forestry and fisheries
• Water
• Industrial
• Tax and royalty system for natural resources
• Public or social expenditures

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The World Trade Organization

• The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only
  global international organization dealing with
  the rules of trade between nations. At its heart
  are the WTO agreements, negotiated and signed by
  the bulk of the worlds trading nations and
  ratified in their parliaments. The goal is to
  help producers of goods and services, exporters,
  and importers conduct their business.

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WTO Description

• 148 member countries
• General purpose is to lower trade barriers
• Heart of WTO is the multilateral trading system
• The WTOs rules the agreements are the result
  of negotiations between the members.
• The current set were the outcome of the 198694
  Uruguay Round negotiations which included a major
  revision of the original General Agreement on
  Tariffs and Trade (GATT).
• 30 agreements and 30,000 pages

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WBSCD

• World Business Council on Sustainable Development
  (WBCSD)
• The World Business Council for Sustainable
  Development (WBCSD) is a coalition of 170
  international companies united by a shared
  commitment to sustainable development via the
  three pillars of economic growth, ecological
  balance and social progress.
• Mission To provide business leadership as a
  catalyst for change toward sustainable
  development, and to promote the role of
  eco-efficiency, innovation and corporate social
  responsibility.

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WBCSD Aims

• Business leadership To be the leading business
  advocate on issues connected with sustainable
  development.
• Policy development To participate in policy
  development in order to create a framework that
  allows business to contribute effectively to
  sustainable development.
• Best practice to demonstrate business progress
  in environmental and resource management and
  corporate social responsibility and to share
  leading-edge practices among our members.
• Global outreach To contribute to a sustainable
  future for developing nations and nations in
  transition.
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