Slang

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Slang
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Informal verbal communication that is generally
unacceptable for formal writing.
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Polysemous
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• Words that have multiple meanings

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Root
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• The form of a word after all affixes are removed

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Bound Morphome
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• A morpheme which never occurs alone but is
  attached to other morphemes
• Ex Kindness, unlikely

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Homographs
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Words that are spelled identically and possibly
pronounced the same Ex Bear (animal) Bear
(tolerate)
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Homonyms
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Words that are pronounced and possibly spelled
the same, but with a different meaning Ex Bat
(animal) Bat (stick) Bat (flutter)
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Homophones
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Words that sound alike but have different
spellings and meanings Ex there theyre their
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Lexicon
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A speakers mental dictionary
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Morpheme
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The smallest unit of linguistic meaning or
function Ex sheep dog s ? 1 2
3 (3 morphemes)
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Morphology
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The sub-field of linguistics that studies
internal structure of words and relationships
among words
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Ebonics
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An alternative term used in 1997 for various
dialects of the African-American English
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Etymology
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The history of words the study of the history of
words
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Phonology
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The sub-field of linguistics that studies
structure and systematic patterning of sounds in
human language
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Phonetics
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The system of speech sounds of a language or
group of languagesThe study and systematic
classification of the sounds made in spoken
utterance
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Pragmatics
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A technical term meaning, roughly, what the
person speaking or writing actually meant, rather
than what the words themselves mean.
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Semantics
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The study of meaning, reference, truth, and
related notions
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Syntax
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The rules of sentence formation the component of
mental grammar and structure of phrases and
sentences
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Antonym
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A word of opposite meaning
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Acronym
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A word formed by combining the initial letters of
a series or related words Ex NATO, ESL, MIA
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Clause
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A group of words containing a subject and
predicate (Found in a complex or compound
sentence)
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Creole
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Pidgin language that has become established as
the native language of a speech community
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Connotation
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An additional, suggested meaning as opposed to a
literal, direct meaning
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Cognate
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Words that have the same linguistic root or origin
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Denotation
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The literal direct meaning of a word
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Metonymy
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A figure of speech consisting of the use of the
name of one thing for that of another Ex The
White House ? government
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Orthography
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The art of writing words with proper letters
according to standard usage the representation
of sounds of a language by written or printed
symbols language and spelling usually arises as
methods of communication b/w groups that have no
language in common
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Synonym
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One of two or more words or expressions of the
same language that have similar meanings
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Dialect
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A variety of a language whose grammar differs in
systematic ways from other varieties
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Prefix
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Affix has to be added to the beginning of a
word Ex mislead
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Suffix
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Affix has to be added at the end of the word Ex
foolish
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Illocutionary Force
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The basic purpose of a speaker in making an
utterance and attitudes that accompany it
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Proto-language
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A recorded or reconstructed language that is the
ancestor of another language
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Inflectional Morphemes
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Indicates number, person, case, and tense the
part of grammar that deals with inflections of
words
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Derivational Morphemes
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The part of grammar that deals with the
derivations of words
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Deep Structure
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The abstract level of language conceived as
containing all info needed to make any sentence
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Surface Structure
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Grammatical structure that actually occurs in
some types of grammar, a representation of the
sequence of syntactic elements that constitute
one sentence