Analysis of Softwares Chronic Crisis by Wayt Gibbs

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• Analysis of Softwares Chronic Crisis by Wayt
  Gibbs

Jessica Reyes Manali Chakraborty Kay Abma
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• Denvers new airport.
• Scheduled opening October 1993
• By May costs and interest 1.1 million/day
• Errors in the software that controls the
  automated baggage system.

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• For every 6 new large-scale software systems that
  were put in operation 2 were canceled.
• The average software development project
  overshoots its schedule by half.
• 1968 the NATO Science Committee convened some 50
  top programmers, computer scientists and captains
  of industry to plot a course out of what had come
  to be known as the software crisis.

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• They had a distant goal software engineering
• The application of a systematic, disciplined,
  quantifiable approach to the development,
  operation and maintenance of software." (Gibbs)
• The establishment and use of sound engineering
  principles in order to obtain economically
  software that is reliable and works efficiently
  on real machines.(Pressman)
• An engineering science that applies the concepts
  of analysis, design, coding, testing,
  documentation, and management to the successful
  completion of large, custom-built computer
  programs under time and budget constraints.(Thaye
  r)

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• Many Fail

• Software is exploding in size
• Most large software project overrun their
  schedules

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Shifting Sands

• Inexorably growing demand for distributed
  systems.
• System Integration/Graunch(To make to fit by the
  use of excessive force.)
• Attempts to graunch often end badly.

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Mayday, mayday

• Disaster will become an increasingly common and
  disruptive part of software development unless
  programming takes on more of the characteristics
  of an engineering discipline rooted firmly in
  science and mathematics.

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Proceeds of Process

• In 1991, the Software Engineering Institute,
  unveiled its Capability Maturity Model (CMM).
• 261 organizations had been rated.
• "The vast majority-about 75 percent-are still
  stuck in level 1," Bill Curtis
• The SEI reports that there are only 120 CMM level
  5 organizations in the world today. And out of
  those 120, only 5 are located in the US. It is
  well established that for the average software
  organization to progress from level 1 to level 2,
  it takes over 2 years. To achieve level 5
  typically takes over 5 years.(Carroll)

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Killing bugs with math

• Microsoft beta testing
• Find bugs early on in the project
• See software as something to be grown rather
  than built. Gibbs

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Formal Methods

• First Step Prototypes
• Clear up misunderstandings between customer and
  developer
• Doesnt make it easier to detect bugs
• Discrete Mathematics

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Formal Methods Ctd.

• Formal Methods A formal method in software
  development is a method that provides a formal
  language for describing a software artifact (e.g.
  specification, designs, source code) such that
  formal proofs are possible, in principle, about
  properties of the artifact so expressed. DACS
• Formal methods specify
• Functionality of a system
• Safety of a system
• Security of a system

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Formal Methods Ctd.

• Formal methods can be applied during the
  requirements phase, the design phase, the coding
  phase, and have important consequences for
  testing and maintenance.
• Guarantees

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Clean-room process

• Tradition
• Fast, cheap, but not very efficient
• Clean-room process
• Uses formal methods
• Timely, expensive, but very efficient

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Common Software Problems

• Same libraries of subroutines are being used
  irrespective of the environment or the platform
  of development.
• The tragedy is that as hardware becomes
  obsolete, an excellent expression of a sorting
  algorithm written in the 1960s has to be
  rewritten.
• Simonyi of Microsoft.
• The real price we pay is that as a specialist in
  any software technology you cannot capture your
  special capability in a product.
• Fisher, CEO, Incremental Systems.

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Solutions

• Solution was to cut ties that attach programs to
  specific computers and to other programs.
• Fisher came up with this idea of developing based
  on how to do it instead of actually doing it.

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Advanced Technology Program

• ATP Fosters National Benefit
• ATP Funds High-Risk Research
• ATP Builds Partnerships
• ATP Encourages Diffusion of Knowledge
• Funding

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A Developing World

• Microsoft produces more computer codes each year
  than any of the 100 nations.
• Capers Jones of Software Productivity Research,
  Burlington.
• India, Hungary, Russia, Philippines and other
  poorer nations are gradually developing
• Reason
• Underemployed well educated labor force.
• However , Liberalization has brought in only
  limited benefits, and argues that a successful
  software industry requires essential state
  interventions of a promotional nature.
• Richard Heeks, India's Software Industry State
  Policy, Liberalization and Industrial
  Development, 1st edition.

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Companies in Developing Nations

• MERL (Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratory)
• ATT
• HP (Hewlett Packard)
• IBM
• British Telecom
• Texas Instruments
• Pact Group of Lions (software factory in Manila)
• ACT (uses Russian programmers)
• Cadence (SW development along Pacific coast)

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India Biggest Development

• Offshore Development has begun to take off
• Rajendra S. Pawar, Head of New Delhi NIIT.

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Developing Work Forces

• Abstract
• A shortage of domestic skilled information
  technology professionals and the availability of
  talent at a fraction of cost in countries like
  India and China, more and more companies are
  going global when it comes to outsourcing
  IT-enabled supply chain activities. Making a
  decision about whether or not to move these
  activities offshore is a decision of far-reaching
  consequences. In this paper, we address this
  issue from a transaction economic perspective.
  Transaction costs theory is used as a framework
  of analysis to examine offshore sourcing
  decisions. The paper discusses some of the
  practical and research implications of these
  results.
• Offshore Outsourcing of Information Technology
  Enabled Supply Chain Functions A Transaction
  Cost Analysis, Bouchaib Bahli and Suresh Kumar
  Goyal ,Vol. 1, No. 4 pp. 366 - 381, 2005,
  International Journal of Logistics Systems and
  Management , Inderscience Enterprises Ltd .

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Offshore Development

• Advantages
• Cheap labor
• Growing trust in the quality of development work
  force
• Time differences between Asia and America
• Proficiency in writing code
• Good managerial skills
• Disadvantages
• Culture differences
• Distance (difficult to do Agile Development)
• Using an Agile Software Process with Offshore
  Development, Martin Fowler.

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References

• "computer science." Dictionary.com Unabridged (v
  1.1). Random House, Inc. 09 Feb. 2009.
  ltDictionary.com http//dictionary.reference.com/br
  owse/computer sciencegt.
• software engineering." Dictionary.com Unabridged
  (v 1.1). Random House, Inc. 09 Feb. 2009.
  ltDictionary.com http//dictionary.reference.com/br
  owse/software engineeringgt.
• computer science." Computerhope.com 09 Feb.
  2009. ltComputerhope.com http//www.computerhope.co
  mgt.
• software engineering." Computerhope.com 09 Feb.
  2009. ltComputerhope.com http//www.computerhope.co
  mgt.
• Ed Carroll, ProDX. Competing in the Software
  Industry. Will CMMI Certification Help?

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Questions?

• Kay I Abma
• Jessica Reyes
• Manali Chakraborty