Taking the Lead: State Innovations to Reduce Greenhouse Gases

1
Taking the Lead State Innovations to Reduce
Greenhouse Gases

• Bill Becker
• STAPPA/ALAPCO
• February 28, 2002

2
What I Will Cover

• Menu of Harmonized Options
• Model for Assessing Benefits of Harmonized
  Strategies
• New International Web Site

3
STAPPA/ALAPCO Menu of Optionsfor Multi-Pollutant
Strategies

• Analyzed Every Economic Sector

• Utilities
• Transportation
• Industrial

• Res/Com
• Waste
• Agriculture

• Reviewed Market Mechanisms

• Modeled Case Studies in Four Areas

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Information Included for Each Industrial Sector

• Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollution Emissions
• Technology-Based Strategies
• Policy-Based Strategies
• Costs and Cost-Effectiveness
• Experiences and Obstacles
• Market Penetration

5
Power Generation Technology Options

• Combined Heat and Power
• Gas-Fired Combined Cycle
• Co-Firing with Biomass and Gas
• Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle
• Fluidized-Bed Combustion
• Fuel Cells
• Carbon Sensitive Plant Dispatch

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Power Generation StrategiesCosts and Emissions
Reductions
7
Power Generation Policy Options

• Comparable Emission Standards
• Output-Based Emission Standards
• Tax Credits and Subsidies
• Environmental Disclosure
• Emissions Portfolio Standards
• Renewable Portfolio Standards
• Emissions Trading

8
Renewable Power Technology Options

• Hydropower
• Biomass Combustion
• Geothermal Systems
• Wind Turbines
• Photovoltaics
• Solar Thermal

9
Renewable Power Strategies Costs and Emissions
Reductions
10
Renewable Power Policy Options

• Tax Credits
• Systems Benefit Charges
• Air Permitting Exemptions
• Green Pricing Programs
• Renewable Portfolio Standards
• Environmental Disclosure
• Output-Based Emission Standards

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Evaluation of Harmonized Control Strategies

• Developed What-If Scenarios For Four Areas
• Atlanta, GA
• Louisville, KY
• New Hampshire
• Ventura, CA
• Areas Selected Power Generation,
  Transportation,Industrial and Commercial Measures
  to Reduce CO2 and Other Air Pollutants

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Harmonized Strategy Summaryfor the Four Case
Study Areas
13
Percent Reduction from Baseline Emissions in Each
Case Study Area
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STAPPA/ALAPCO Model For Assessing Benefits

• Strategic Planning Tool with ICLEI
• User Friendly Model Assessing and Quantifying
  Benefits of Strategies
• Will Expand to Developing Countries
• Beta Testing Expected Shortly

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STAPPA/ALAPCO International Web Site

• Links Every National, State and Local Air Agency
  in the World, Including Web Addresses, Email and
  More
• Provides Topical Links on Major Clean Air Issues,
  Including Climate Change
• Address cleanairworld.org