Deterministic Planning 2

1
1.040/1.401Project ManagementSpring
2007Lecture 9Deterministic Planning Part II

Dr. SangHyun Lee
lsh_at_mit.edu
Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology
2
Project Management Phase
DESIGN PLANNING
DEVELOPMENT
OPERATIONS
CLOSEOUT
FEASIBILITY
Fin.Eval.
Organization
Risk
Estimating
Planning Scheduling
3
Outline

• Network Techniques
• CPM
• PDM
• Linear Scheduling Method

4
Precedence Diagram Method (PDM)
A (10)
Gantt chart
B (10)
Activity B will start right after Activity A
finishes
A 10
B 10
CPM (AON)
A (10)
Activity B will start right after Activity A
starts
B (10)
5
Precedence Diagram Method (PDM)

• PDM Extends CPM to include
• Multiple relationships beyond Finish-to-Start
• Finish-to-Finish
• Start-to-Start
• Start-to-Finish

6
PDM Types of Relationships
A
B

• FS Finish-to-start
• SS Start-to-start
• FF Finish-to-finish
• SF Start-to-finish

A
B
A
B
A
B
7
Precedence Diagram Method (PDM)
A (10)
Gantt chart
B (10)
Activity B will start after Activity A finishes
A 10
B 10
CPM (AON)
A (10)
Activity B will start 5 days later after Activity
A finishes
(5)
B (10)
A 10
A 5
B 10
8
Precedence Diagram Method (PDM)

• PDM Extends CPM to include
• Lag () Lead (-)

A (10)
FS (5)
B (10)
A (10)
FS (-5)
B (10)
9
PDM Relationships w/ Lag Lead
Lay-Out Excavate

• Finish-to-Start Lead
• Finish-to-Start Lag
• Start-to-Start Lead
• Start-to-Start Lag

Install Fuel Tanks
FS -1
Pour 4th-Floor Slab
Remove 4th Floor Shoring
FS 14
SS -1
Backfill Pipe
Install Pipe
Install Fuel Tanks
Install Exterior Conduits
SS 1
Adapted from Callahan et al., 1992
10
PDM Relationships w/ Lag Lead

• Finish-to-Finish Lead
• Finish-to-Finish Lag
• Start-to-Finish Lead
• Start-to-Finish Lag

Adapted from Callahan et al., 1992
11
Slack or Float in PDM

• Total Float (TF)
• TF(k) LF(k) - ES(k) - Dk
• Start Float (SF)
• SF(k) LS(k) - ES(k)
• Finish Float (FNF)
• FNF(k) LF(k) - EF(k)

12
PDM Example
10
30
1
C GC
A GC
2
3
3
40
80
100
90
D EL
H ME
K ME
FINISH
2
6
0
2
1
1
ES
EF
START
LS
LF
TF
D
SF
FNF
20
50
B GC
E ME
4
4
60
70
2
F GC
G EL
6
3
Source Callahan et al., 1992
13
Forward Pass
30s ES 10s EF Lag (FS)
10
30
1
0
3
4
6
C GC
A GC
2
3
3
40
80
100
90
D EL
H ME
K ME
FINISH
2
6
0
2
1
1
0
0
START
LS
LF
TF
D
SF
FNF
20
50
0
4
B GC
E ME
4
4
60
70
2
F GC
G EL
6
3
Source Callahan et al., 1992
14
Forward Pass
10
30
1
0
3
4
6
C GC
A GC
100s ES 90S EF 100s ES 70s EF
MAX
2
3
3
40
80
100
90
17
17
7
9
9
15
15
17
D EL
H ME
K ME
FINISH
2
6
0
2
1
1
0
0
START
LS
LF
TF
D
SF
FNF
20
50
0
4
4
8
B GC
E ME
4
4
60
70
2
6
12
12
15
F GC
G EL
6
3
Source Callahan et al., 1992
15
Backward Pass
10
30
1
0
3
4
6
C GC
A GC
2
3
3
40
80
100
90
17
17
7
9
9
15
15
17
D EL
H ME
K ME
FINISH
9
17
17
15
17
15
2
6
0
2
1
1
0
0
START
TF
D
SF
FNF
20
50
0
4
4
8
B GC
E ME
4
4
60
70
2
6
12
12
15
F GC
G EL
14
17
70s LF 100S LS 70s LS 80s LF - 1
6
3
MIN
Source Callahan et al., 1992
16
Backward Pass
10
30
1
0
3
4
6
C GC
A GC
4
0
6
3
2
3
3
40
80
100
90
17
17
7
9
9
15
15
17
D EL
H ME
K ME
FINISH
9
7
17
17
9
15
17
15
2
6
0
2
1
1
0
0
START
0
0
TF
D
SF
FNF
20
50
0
4
4
8
B GC
E ME
9
5
1
5
4
4
1s LF 10S LS 1s LF 20s LS
60
70
MIN
2
6
12
12
15
F GC
G EL
14
17
8
14
6
3
Source Callahan et al., 1992
17
Total Slack or Float
10
30
1
0
3
4
6
C GC
A GC
4
0
6
3
TS or TF LF - ES - D
2
0
0
3
3
40
80
100
90
17
17
7
9
9
15
15
17
D EL
H ME
K ME
FINISH
9
7
17
17
9
15
17
15
2
6
0
2
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
START
0
0
0
D
SF
FNF
20
50
0
4
4
8
B GC
E ME
9
5
1
5
4
4
1
1
60
70
2
6
12
12
15
F GC
G EL
14
17
8
14
6
3
2
2
Source Callahan et al., 1992
18
Critical Path
10
30
1
0
3
4
6
C GC
A GC
4
0
6
3
2
0
0
3
3
40
80
100
90
17
17
7
9
9
15
15
17
D EL
H ME
K ME
FINISH
9
7
17
17
9
15
17
15
2
6
0
2
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
START
0
0
0
D
SF
FNF
20
50
0
4
4
8
B GC
E ME
9
5
1
5
4
4
1
1
60
70
2
6
12
12
15
F GC
G EL
14
17
8
14
6
3
2
2
Source Callahan et al., 1992
19
Start Finish Slack or Float
10
30
1
0
3
4
6
C GC
A GC
4
0
6
3
2
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
3
40
80
100
90
17
17
7
9
9
15
15
17
D EL
H ME
K ME
FINISH
9
7
17
17
9
15
17
15
2
6
0
2
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
START
0
0
0
D
0
0
20
50
0
4
4
8
B GC
E ME
9
5
1
5
4
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
60
70
2
6
12
12
15
F GC
G EL
14
17
8
14
6
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
Source Callahan et al., 1992
20
PDM Caveat Vanishing Critical Path

• Tracing critical path can be difficult
• Finish-finish constraints with leads can lead to
  vanishing critical path

FF -5
Total float
Duration
21
PDM Caveat - Counter-Intuitive

• Tracing critical path can be difficult
• Can be counter-intuitive
• The longer A20 is, the smaller the critical path
  duration and quicker can complete!

A30
FF 2
A20
SS 0
A10
22
Slack or Float Ownership

• Tension between owner and contractor
• Significant legal implications
• Problem
• Owners seek to push contractors on tight schedule
  
• Too many late starts risk overall project
  duration
• Contractors seek flexibility
• Flexibility has value

23
Outline

• Network Techniques
• CPM
• PDM
• Linear Scheduling Method

24
Linear Scheduling Method (LOM)

• Line-of-Balance
• Time Location
• Repetitive Linear Activities
• Rate of Progress (production rate)

25
LSM Diagram
Source Callahan et al., 1992
26
Plotting Activity Progress Lines
Source Callahan et al., 1992
27
Use of Restraint on LSM Diagram
Source Callahan et al., 1992
28
Activity Interference
Source Callahan et al., 1992
29
Use of Activity Buffers in LSM Schedules
Source Callahan et al., 1992
30
LSM Example
LinearPlus
31
LSM Example
Tilos