Word Bank

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Word Bank

• Aristocracy
• Bhagavad Gita
• caste system
• Chang Jiang
• Confucius
• Dao
• Daoism
• Dharma
• Ganges
• Great Wall of China
• Hebrew Bible
• Hittites

• Ideograms
• Jerusalem
• Legalism
• Mandate of Heaven
• Monotheism
• Nirvana
• Palestine
• Phoenicians
• Reincarnation
• Untouchables
• Vaisyas
• Zoroastrianism

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Notes-TimelineRiver Valley CivilizationsPart
Two
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The Jewish People
One of the greatest stories from the Hebrew Bible
is that of Moses and the Ten Commandments. The
story has become part of the Christian, Muslim,
and Jewish faiths, and the ten commandments are
considered a bedrock of Western Civilization.
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A History of the Jewish People

• The Israelites (people from Israel) are Jewish
  nomads originally from Mesopotamia.
• By 1200BC, various Jewish tribes had settled in
  an area called ___ (which they referred to as
  Canaan).
• The various Jewish tribes eventually came
  together and created Israel. Later, this became
  Judah, with the capital being ____.

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Geography

• Both modern and ancient Israel is in the Middle
  East along the Mediterranean Sea.
• Ancient Israel was located below the Phoenicians.
  Judah is to the south.
• The _____ greatest contribution was their
  alphabet it is the basis of our alphabet and
  letter sounds today.

To Mesopotamia
To Egypt
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Religion

• While Israel and Judah were not a powerful
  nations, their Jewish religion was one of the
  most important elements in history.
• Their religious beliefs are written down in the
  ____ (part of the Christian Old Testament).
• The Hebrew Bible describes a single, powerful God
  (_____) that is filled with justice, love, and
  mercy. In their religion, good and evil existed
  on the Earth each person could talk to God
  directly to learn the path to goodness.
• This was unlike other religions of the time that
  did not see a struggle between good and evil, had
  hundreds of gods and goddesses, and taught that
  only the wealthy and powerful would go to a good
  afterlife.

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Zoroastrianism and Judaism

• The Jewish religion seems to have been inspired
  by the Babylonians, who once controlled them.
  The Babylonians had also developed a monotheistic
  religion with a concept of good and evil called
  Zoroastrianism.
• ______ is the first monotheistic religion on
  Earth.
• Zoroastrianism can be seen in the Hebrew Bible.
  Stories such as Adam and Eve and Noahs Ark are
  very similar to older Babylonian stories.

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India
This massive statue of the spiritual leader,
Buddha, can be found in modern India. Buddhism
and Hinduism are two of the worlds great
religions, both of which come from the region
known the Indus River Valley (India)
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India in the World

• India is a large peninsula in the Indian Ocean.
  Today, it has over one billion people.
• Like the other three ancient civilizations, it
  began on a River Valley about 5,000 years ago.
• The two main rivers in India are the ____ and the
  Indus.

India
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The Aryans Come to India

• The first Indians were nomads who settled around
  the rivers of India about 1500BC.
• The strongest culture was the Aryans. They took
  the invention of iron from the ____ (a group from
  the Middle East) and dominated the region.
• The Aryans also developed a strong ____ (a class
  system with strict rules) People born to one
  class would seldom move up or down. People in
  the lower castes had few rights. People in the
  upper castes has every right.

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The Castes of India
Brahmans Priests
Kshatriyas Warriors. Like the knights of Europe
____ Commoners. Mostly merchants and farmers.
Sudras The majority. These people were peasants
with few rights.
______ These people were not considered human.
When they traveled, the had to make noise to
warn people they were coming
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Religion in IndiaTwo of the worlds greatest
religions were born in India during this time

• Hinduism
• Comes from the Aryans.
• The basic beliefs are written down in a set of
  Vedas (collection of hymns and ceremonies).
• The _____ is the most famous Vedic text.
• Hindus believe in _____ (rebirth). A persons
  karma (life force) determines how the person will
  be reborn. Karma is ruled by ____ (divine law).
  
• Hindus believe that, in time, one can achieve a
  oneness with God. Yoga is practiced to help with
  this quest.

• Buddhism
• Buddhism was created in the 500s by Siddhartha
  Gautama, who became known as the Buddha
  (enlightened one).
• Siddhartha came from wealth and power but gave it
  all up to find the meaning of life. He lived as
  a beggar and spent his time meditating.
• During a period of meditation, Siddhartha
  discovered the meaning of life and spent the rest
  of his life preaching about his life.
• Buddhist believe in working to achieve an
  ultimate reality called _____. In nirvana, one
  is reunited with the Great World Soul

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China
Master Confucius was a crucial part of Chinese
history. He had an interest in philosophy,
politics, and ethics. Today, Confucianism has
spread around the world.
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China in the World

• China is and was the largest, most populous
  nation in Asia.
• China borders the Pacific Ocean. It has two main
  rivers Huang He (also called the Yellow river)
  and the _____ (also called the Yangtza river).

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Early Chinese History

• Chinese history begins around 1800BC. We mark
  different periods of history in China by the name
  of the ruling dynasty. The first four are the
  Shang (1750-1122BC), Zhou (1045-256BC), Qin
  (221-206BC), and the Han (202BC-220AD).
• The Zhou dynasty was the first great period in
  China. During this period, the ____ (the upper
  class rulers) created the Mandate of Heaven. The
  _______ said there was an impersonal law to
  nature. The Zhou king was ordered by Heaven to
  rule because of his talent and virtue.
• To balance the Mandate of Heaven, the Chinese
  also believe the king had the responsibility to
  protect the people. This is called the ____ (The
  Way). If he fails to do this, it was legal to
  overthrow him.

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More Chinese History

• The Zhou also invented Chinas first written
  language ideograms. ____ is a form of written
  language where images represent entire words.
  There are thousands of letters in Chinese (as
  opposed to the 26 in English).
• During the time of the Zhou, a man named ____
  lived. His philosophy (Confucianism) altered the
  earlier concept of the Dao. For Confucius, all
  humans must live by the Dao by following two
  principles duty to work hard to improved the
  earth and humanity towards others.
• Two other philosophical ideas from the Zhou are
  Daoism and Legalism. _____ was created by Laozi
  in the 4th century BC and teaches that the best
  way to live is spontaneously, letting nature take
  its course. _____ taught that humans were evil by
  nature, so society needed a strong ruler to force
  people to behave by force of law.
• During the Qin dynasty, the Chinese began one of
  the greatest architectural projects in the
  history of the world the ______. The purpose
  was to keep out foreigners and invaders. Today,
  it is the only manmade structure visible from
  space.