Alignment Theory

1
Alignment Theory
2
Camber
3
Camber Specifications

• Preferred Specification

Front
4
Camber Specifications

• Tolerance

Front
5
Camber Specifications

• Preferred Specification

Rear
6
Camber Specifications

• Tolerance

Rear
7
Bargraphs
8
Out of Specs
9
Checking Tolerance
10
Setting Tolerance

• 1/2 Checking Tolerance

11
Preferred Spec.
12
Camber is important for 2 reasons

• Tire Wear
• Pull

13
Shoulder Wear due to Excessive Positive Camber
Angle
14
Camber may cause a Pull

• Cross camber is the side-to-side difference in
  camber measurements

15
More than 1/2º difference side-to side may cause
the vehicle to pull to the side with the most
positive camber.
16
Cross Camber
17
Camber Specifications

• Cross camber

Front
18
No Cross Camber Spec

• Always check your cross camber!

19
Cross Camber Adjustment

• Move crossmember

20
Some vehicle have a high cross camber

• To reduce torque steer

21
Measuring Camber

• Compensate
• Level the rack
• Free moving turnplates

22
Compensation
23
Compensation
24
Level the rack
25
Level the 4 post rack
26
Free moving turnplates
27
Common Camber Adjustments
28
Front Shims
29
Wedge Kit
30
Pivot the strut
31
Caster
32
Caster

• The Forward or Rearward Tilt of the Steering Axis
  as viewed from the side

Steering Axis Line drawn betweenthe two pivot
pointsof the steering knuckle
33
Caster specification

• Preferred Specification Front - 3.80º Rear - n/a

• Tolerance Front - 1º

• Cross caster Front - .85º

34
Caster may cause a Pull

• Cross caster is the side-to-side difference in
  caster measurements
• More than 1/2º difference side-to side may cause
  the vehicle to pull to the side with the least
  positive caster.

35
Cross Caster
Cross Caster Left caster minus right caster
1º caster
2º caster
36
Camber Roll

• Left spindleup - right spindle down

• Left spindle down - right spindle up

37
Measuring Caster
38
Caster Adjust

• Apply brake depressor
• Level and lock sensors

39
What goes wrong?

• Front brakes not locked
• Sensors not level and locked

40
Common Caster Adjustments
41
Front Shims
42
Front Sliders

• Slide in opposite directions

43
Strut Rod
44
Nonadjustable Strut Rod

• Move shim to other side

45
Slide the strut mount

• Slot the hole

46
Total Toe
47
Total Toe Specification

• Toe specs are always Total Toe

• Negative number indicates Toe-Out

• Positive number indicates Toe-In

48
Excessive Toe
49
Unequal Individual Toe

• Crooked steering wheel

50
Individual Toe

• Front individual toe is responsiblefor steering
  wheel position

51
Rear Individual Toe

• Rear individual toe determines vehicle tracking

52
Positive Negative Thrust Angle
Positive Thrust Angle is to the Right
Negative Thrust Angle is to the Left
53
Unequal Rear Toe

• Diagonal cupping

54
Measuring toe
TotalToe
CalibrationCheck
IndividualToe
55
Common Front Toe Adjustments
56
Tie Rod

• Individual toe

57
Pinch clamp
58
Relay Rod

• Total toe

59
Common Rear Toe Adjustments
60
Rear Shims
61
Rear Link-NSX
62
Rear Cam
63
Sliding Link
Toe-in
Toe-out
64
3 Types of Alignment

• Centerline
• Front wheels to body
• Thrustline
• Front wheels to rear wheels
• Total 4-Wheel
• Rear wheels to body
• Front wheels to rear wheels

65
Centerline

• Compensate front sensors only

66
Front Centerline Results

• Body dog tracks
• Steering wheel is crooked

67
Front Thrustline

• Compensate 4 sensors

68
Front Thrustline Results

• Body dog tracks
• Steering wheel is straight

69
Total 4-Wheel

• Compensate 4 sensors

70
Total 4-Wheel Results

• Body is straight
• Steering wheel is straight