Lilies, The Summer Flowers

1
All About Lilies

• Lilies, The Summer Flowers

2
Lilies and Daylilies add different things to the
garden. Lilies take up little space- a small
footprint. They are the verticals while
daylilies are the fountains.Lilies are
explosions of color for a short time, while
daylilies bloom for weeks, but both add depth to
the garden
3
Both can be wonderful additions to a mixed border.
4
People are often confused about which plant is
which, partly because the word lily is used for
both lilies and daylilies.
Both types of plants can have trumpet-shaped
flowers. Both have basically the same
reproductive parts, and the same petal structure.
5
Parts of the Flower-Lily
Midrib
Sepal
Petal
Pistil
Nectary(lily)
Stamen
6
Parts of Flower-Daylily
Edge
Eye
Throat
Pistil/Style
Midrib
Stamen/Anther
7
The Differences
Lilies
Daylilies

• Genus-Lilium
• Single stem with leaves coming off
• Blooms at end of stalk
• Seeds flat/papery
• Bulb underground
• Each flower lasts about 10 days
• Mature plant blooms about 2-3 weeks

• Genus-Hemerocallis
• Grassy Foliage at base
• Bloom scape separate from foliage
• Seeds round and black
• Tuberous root system
• Each flower lasts a day
• Mature plant blooms about 6 weeks

8
Underground Differences

• Lilies come from bulbs, which differ somewhat in
  shape from one type of lily to another. It is a
  scaled bulb that allows the gardener to propagate
  by removing individual scales from the bulb.

9
Underground differences
Tuberous

• Daylilies have tuberous roots, along with fine
  feeder roots.
• The tuberous roots store nutrients so the plant
  can survive during times of drought.
• These roots attach to the crown, which is the
  part of the plant at ground level.
• The crown increases in size by adding new
  foliage another fan (single group of leaves that
  have the same attachment point.

Feeder
10
Lilium
Lilies are related to tiger lilies. The
quickest clue to which plant is which is the
stem/leaf form
11
Lily Origins

• Species of lilies can be native to many countries
  with many coming from China and Tibet. Martagon
  lilies are native to Europe and Northern Asia,
  and there are also some from the US

12
Lilium Types

• Lilies can be divided into classes by several
  different ways.
• by upfacing, outfacing, or downfacing flowers.
• into species, Asiatics, Trumpets, Orientals,
  Orienpets, Asiapets, and LA Hybrids.
• by May, June, July, or August bloom times.

13
Downfacing Flowers
14
Outfacing Flowers
15
Upfacing Flowers
16
Divisions by Type
17
Species Lilies

• Species Lilies come from all parts of the
  temperate world.
• They tend to be more demanding as to soil,
  acidity-alkalinity, and growing temperatures and
  moisture than the hybrid lilies most people start
  with. If you find out what type of area they came
  from, you may have more success growing these
  exotic beauties.
• Some are not hardy in some climates, a few need
  more moisture, and others hate alkaline soil.
  Martagons and philadelphicum are some of the
  earliest bloomers many bloom with the Asiatics.
• Varied bloom times many bloom in May or June.
• Most are downfacing or upfacing.

18
Lilium cernuum
Lilium monodelphum
Native to Korea, Siberia.Plant on berm because it
doesnt tolerate winter wet. Tolerates light shade
Armenian, rich soil, may sulk after moving.
19
Lilium canadense
Native to eastern North America, grows in moist
meadows, at the edge of woodlands, prefers
slightly acid soil. Isolate from other lilies as
it is susceptible to virus.
20
Lilium citronella
21
L. dauricum-native to northeast Asia. Moist,
lime-free soils.
Lilium davidii
L. davidii-Chinese. Easy in garden.
Lilium dauricum
22
Lilium lankogense
Lilium taliense v. kaichen
Chinese, stoloniferous, moist-acid soil but will
tolerate a slightly limey soil
23
Japanese, needs moisture, blooms later
24
Lilium martagon alba
Lilium martagon
Martagons are quite hardy, grow well in some
shade, will carry 50 blossoms on a mature plant,
and will naturalize if happy. They may sulk for a
year after being moved. Seed takes 7 years.
25
Lilium pardalinum
26
Lilium philadelphicum
27
Lilium pumilum
28
Asiatic Lilies

• Although Asiatic lilies started out with almost
  entirely upfacing flowers, breeding breakthroughs
  have added many downfacing or outfacing cultivars
  in the last 10 to 15 years.
• Asiatics usually start blooming about 2/3 of the
  way through June.
• Asiatics hybrids are probably the easiest lilies
  to grow, as many originated with tiger lilies,
  which form bulbils in the leaf axils as well as
  offsets. Lilium splendens (tiger lily) is
  considered to be a prime carrier of virus, as
  most are infected. Aphids are the vector that
  carries the virus from one plant to another, so
  keeping aphid populations down and not growing
  tiger lilies are ways to keep your lilies safe.

29
(No Transcript)
30
(No Transcript)
31
(No Transcript)
32
(No Transcript)
33
Brushmarks
Brushmarks are dark areas in the center of the
lily flower-- almost the same as an eye in
daylilies.
34
Trumpet/Aurelian

• Trumpet or Aurelian lilies bloom from mid-July to
  early August and almost all have long,
  trumpet-shaped flowers which are extremely
  fragrant.
• The bulbs can become hugealmost 8 across.
• They are slightly more demanding than Asiatics as
  far as drainage and nutrition, but they get 6
  tall when happy, and carry 12-13 10 flowers.
• If they are located in a windy spot and have
  heavy bloom, its a good idea to stake them.
• When cutting any lily for arrangements, leave at
  least 2/3 of the scape intact, since the leaves
  are part of the photosynthesis process.

35
Anaconda
Note the maroon reverse (outside of the flower).
Black Dragon itself is even darker.
Black Dragon Sdlg
36
(No Transcript)
37
Oriental

• Oriental lilies are probably the most well-known
  lilies because the cut-flower trade uses them
  extensively.
• They bloom from early August to September,
  depending on the cultivar, and are also very
  fragrant.
• They are much pickier about soil conditions,
  liking a slightly more acid soil and good
  drainage, especially in winter. They are also
  slightly less able to take our winters, so its a
  good idea to mulch them after the ground freezes
  with a layer of straw or leaves.
• Rodents love all lily bulbs, so if you mulch too
  early, you are giving rodents a good chance to
  eat the bulbs. Deer also love lilies, and if they
  bite off the flower scape, you will lose all
  bloom for that year.

38
Arena
Black Beauty is sometimes placed as a species
lily and sometimes is included with Orientals. It
is a parent of many hybrids
39
Cross-Group Hybrids

• Due to the wonder of embryo rescue, crosses are
  now being made that werent possible in the past.
  The most stunning of these are the Orienpets,
  which are trumpets on steroids. Huge, 10-12
  flowers on stems that look like saplings, they
  are crosses between trumpets and Orientals.
• They bloom in late summer and are much sturdier
  than Orientals.

40
Asiapets, Tet Asiatics, LA Hybrids
Asiapets-crosses between Asiatics and trumpets LA
Hybrids-crosses between Easter Lilies and Asiatics
Tet Asiatic Hybrids Produced originally through
the use of colchicine from the colchicum (autumn
crocus), which causes cells to mutate, and
sometimes causes a change in ploidy
41
Pests

• Lily Beetle
• Deer-eat buds, will dig up bulbs
• Rabbits/rodents-eat buds, dig and eat bulbs
• Aphids-aphids are the vector for virus

42
Disease

• Botrytis
• Basal rot
• Frost

43
Propagation

• Seed
• Starting lilies from seed is inexpensive, but can
  be lesson in patience. Some Asiatics will bloom
  in two years, but martagons take up to 7 years to
  bloom.
• There are two main types of germination-immediate
  epigeal (leaves form at the same time as bulb)
  and delayed hypogeal (bulb is formed first and
  must go through a cold period before leaves
  formed).
• This is the method of getting new varieties, and
  the babies will not be the same plant as the
  parent. If you want a particular clone, you
  cannot propagate it by seed. One seed capsule may
  yield up to 100 seeds each with different
  heritage.

44
Propagation

• By Scales.
• Most propagation for the same clone can be done
  by scaling the bulb and placing the scales in a
  plastic bag with some damp peat or seed-starting
  mix. Small bulbs will form at the basal plate,
  and can then be potted. Potting is usually done
  in group pots. A single bulb may yield 30 or 40
  scales if the entire bulb is used.

Basal plate
Roots
Part of basal plate-individual scale
45
Propagation-

• By Bulblets
• Many lilies, particularly Trumpets and Orientals,
  form small bulbs off the stem just below the soil
  surface,
• these can be moved to a different place.
• Some will be quite small, and should be planted
  quite shallowly.
• Lilies have tensile roots and will gradually pull
  themselves down to a deeper level as the bulb
  matures.

Stem bulblets
46
Propagation-bulbils

• Some lilies form bulbils in the leaf axils (joint
  between the leaf and the stem), which look like
  seeds.
• The bulbils can be planted like you would plant
  seeds, just below the soil surface
• Many of the plants that do this are descended
  from tiger lilies.

47
Lily Care

• Protect from rabbits and deer when just coming
  up. They do know how much you paid for the plant!
  More expensivetastier!
• Keep aphid populations down and dont plant tiger
  lilies alongside hybrids.
• Most lilies need well-drained soil and will rot
  in too much moisture.
• Lilies are heavy feeders
• -slow-release fertilizers are good!

48
More Lily Care

• Mulch your Orientals after the ground freezes.
  Mulching too soon brings squirrels to the feast.
• Lilies like their feet in the shade and their
  heads in the sun.
• When cutting scapes to bring inside, only cut 1/3
  of the scape to maintain photosynthesis.
• Only cut lilies to the ground when they turn
  brown. Clean them up in fall so fungal diseases
  dont have a medium to grow in.
• If your lilies are up and a hard freeze is
  predicted, cover them. If the tops freeze, they
  wont bloom.

49
Information

• Lilies-A Guide for Growers and Collectors-Ed
  McRae, Timber Press
• The Lily for Garden, Patio, and Display-Michael
  Jefferson-Brown, David and Charles
• Lilies-Victoria Matthews, Kew Gardening Guides
• Lilies-An Illustrated Identifier-Richard Bird