Customers Perspective of Demand Response

1
Customers Perspective of Demand Response

• International Symposium on Demand Response
• September 10, 2003
• Michael Kintner-Meyer, Ph.D.
• Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
• [phone]
• Michael.Kintner-Meyer_at_pnl.gov

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Main Points

• Commercial and industrial customers
• Needs
• Integration issues of automation
• Mass Markets
• Fast-responding load control opportunities with
  NO/LOW impact on customers

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Commercial and Industrial Customers Need

• Emergency programs relatively little need
• Economic (Day-Ahead) program
• Education on monitoring markets and creating bids
• Audit programs to identify and quantity
  discretionary load and cost to dispatch it
• Multiple benefits (every hour, day)
• Energy efficiency improvements
• Operations and maintenances improvements
• Peak demand reduction lowering demand charge.
• Prediction/forecasting tools

4
Lack of Cost-Effective Integration of Automation

• Need lower-cost integration technology
• Building optimal portfolios
• Integration is difficult without communication
  standards (modbus, BACnet, Cebus, EHS, etc.)
• Significant effort on communications technologies
  and standards
• CEIDS
• U.S. DOE, ACCP
• ASHRAE

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Fast Responding Load Curtailment
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Topology of Markets/Programs
Forward contracts
Day-ahead
Energy markets
RTM
Hour-ahead
Replacement reserves
Non-spinning reserves
Ancillary markets
Spinning reserves
Regulation service
AGC
Controls
RAS
month
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Fast-Responding Curtailment

• Frequency-responsive
• Underfrequency load shedding (e.g. at 59.98 Hz)
• Potentially symetrical control
• Black-start delay (e.g. randomized start-up)
• NO/LOW impact to customers
• Surgically applied (grid-friendly appliance, GFA)
• Usually short duration (seconds to few minutes)
• Could be valued as spinning reserves
• Cheap if no communication applied

Seconds (from 133820 PDT)
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Example Grid-Friendly Appliance
Seconds (from 133820 PDT)