Need

1
Introduction

• Need
• Rapid, detailed, chemical characterization of
  complex mixtures such as fuels and waste streams
• Approach
• Retrofit HPs benchtop GC-MS with SRIs Field
  Ionization Source
• Because FI does not produce fragment ions, the
  burden of resolving components is shared by both
  the GC and the MS

2
GC and FIMS complement each others resolving
capabilities
3
SRIs Volcano-style FI Source
Field ionization takes place near the carbon
dendrites around the rim of the volcano source
4
SRIs FI-source designed to fit in the standard
EI-source of the MSD
FI Source
EI Source
FI Source Exploded
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Total Ion Chromatograms of representative fuels
gasoline
jet fuel
diesel fuel
TIC of jet and diesel fuel shows the
characteristic unresolved hump, but ...
6
Resolution achieved by examining Selected Ion
Chromatograms
alkanes
naphthalenes
7
Sufficient resolution to extend analysis to
higher molar masses
8
Automated procedure for data processing
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Example of the detailed analysis afforded by
GC-FIMS (naphtha)
Degree of Unsaturation (z value)
Number of Carbons
10
Can even monitor sulfur-compounds
naphthalenes
dibenzothiophenes
SICs from GC-FIMS of a diesel fuel
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Or, nitrogen-compounds
indoles
SICs from GC-FIMS of a diesel fuel
12
Applications of GC-FIMS

• Petroleum Industry
• Upstream
• Evaluate crude oils (predict products)
• Ensure adequate drainage of reservoirs
• Downstream
• Process development, monitoring, and control
• Predict fuel properties
• Minimize inventories for blending
• Others
• Environmental analysis of soil and water samples
• Monitor/control chemical processes