Shia Islam

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Shia Islam

• Shiat Ali Party of Ali
• Caliphate should have always stayed in the family
  of Muhammad

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Shia Islam

• Sunni Rightly Guided Caliphs
• Sunnis caliph and imam
• Shia Imam
• divinely mandated leader

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Shia Islam Divisions

• Ali fourth Caliph, first Imam
• All Shia agree on the legitimacy of the first
  four Imams
• Ali, Hasan, Husayn, Ali-Zayn

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Shia Islam Divisions

• 5th Imam Zayad vs. al-Baqir
• Zaydis Shia sect who followed Zayad as 5th
  Imam
• Rest of Shia follows al-Baqir as 5th Imam

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Shia Islam Seveners

• 7th Iman Ismail vs. Musa
• Ismailis Shia sect that traces Imamate though
  Ismails sons
• Also called Seveners
• Rest of Shia follows from Musa

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Shia Divisions

• 1. Ali
• 2. Hasan
• 3. Husayn
• 4. Ali-Zayn
• 5. Al-Baqir Zayad (Zaydis)
• 6. Jafar
• 7. Musa Ismail (Ismailis/Seveners)
• Imams 8-11
• 12. Mehdi (Imami/Twelvers)

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Shia Islam Twelvers

• 874 CE 12th Imam
• Occultation hiding
• Babs gates

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Shia Islam Twelvers

• Greater and Lesser Occultation
• Mahdi Messiah
• Ayatolla Khomeini
• Twelvers also called Imami Shia
• Shia make up 20 of Muslims

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Sufism

• Mystical Islam
• Protests power, wealth, corruption of mainstream
  Islam
• Sufis embraced asceticism, poverty
• Dhikr remembrance

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Sufism

• Language of sexual love and union common among
  mystics
• Mystical ecstasy
• Fana annihilation

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Sufism

• four stages of mystical progression
• love of God
• nearness to God
• bliss
• annihilation (fana)
• How great is my majesty
• I am the absolute truth
• al-Ghazali, 11th c.

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The Quran

• Revelations come over 22 year period
• Context specific
• Early revelations in Mecca short prophetic
  indictments
• Late revelations in Mecca longer
  interpretations of past prophets
• Revelations from Medina arguments, discourses,
  legal pronouncements

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The Quran

• Muhammads recitations
• orally transmitted
• written on various material
• 652 CE, Quran fragments are collected
• Arranged in114 suras each of them a revelatory
  event
• Presented in order of length, not chronology, not
  genre, not theme

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Sura 104 The Slanderer

• In the name of God, the Compassionate, the
  Caring.
• Woe to every backbiting slanderer
• Who gathers his wealth and counts it
• thinking with his wealth he will never die
• Nay! Let him be thrown into the Hútama
• And what can you tell of the Hútama
• The fire of God, stoked for blazing
• rising up over the hearts
• covering them in vaults of flame
• stretching out its pillars

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Sura 103 The Epoch

•  In the name of God, the Compassionate, the
  Caring.
• By the age, the epoch
• The human is always at a loss
• Except those who keep the faith
• who work justice
• who counsel one another to truth
• who counsel one another to patience

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Sura 10.31-33 Jonah

• Say who gives you sustenance from heaven and
  earth? Or who controls the hearing and the sight?
  And who brings forth the living from the dead,
  and brings forth the dead from the living? And
  who regulates the affairs? Then they will say
  God. Say then Will you not then guard (against
  evil)?
• This then is God, your true Lord and what is
  there after the truth but error how are you then
  turned back?
• Thus does the word of your Lord prove true
  against those who transgress that they do not
  believe.

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Sura 4.94 The Women

• O you who believe! when you go to war in God's
  way, make investigation, and do not say to any
  one who offers you peace You are not a
  believer. Do you seek goods of this world's life!
  But with God there are abundant gains you too
  were such before, then God conferred a benefit on
  you therefore make investigation surely God is
  aware of what you do.

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Quranic Recitation Fatiha

• In the name of God the Compassionate the Caring
• Praise be to God, lord sustainer of the worlds
• the Compassionate the Caring
• master of the day of reckoning
• To you we turn to worship
• and to you we turn in time of need
• Guide us along the road straight
• the road of those to whom you are giving
• not those with anger upon them
• not those who have lost the way

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Shariah Law

• Shariah Law established in four steps
• 1. Quran
• 2. Hadith / Sunnah
• 3. Qiyas analogy
• 4. Ijma consensus

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Shariah Law

• Examples of legal debates
• Coffee
• khamr
• Hanafi
• Shafii
• fiqh

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Muslim Theological Debates

• Orthodoxy and Orthopraxy
• Gods attributes
• Mutazilites
• Gods hands?

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Hadith of Gabriel Summary
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Muslim Theology

• Five Pillars of Faith
• (not to be confused with the Five Pillars of
  Practice next lecture)
• 1) Monotheism
• There is no god but God Muhammad is the
  messenger of God
• Tawhid

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Muslim Theology

• Five Pillars of Faith
• 2) Prophecy
• Nabi (prophet) warnings from God
• Rasul messenger) innovation, scripture
• Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus and Muhammad

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Muslim Theology

• Five Pillars of Faith
• 3) Revelation
• Four Scriptures
• Torah of Moses Psalms of David New Testament of
  Jesus Quran of Muhammad

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Muslim Theology

• Five Pillars of Faith
• 3) Revelation
• God reveals in stages
• People of the Book

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Muslim Theology

• Five Pillars of Faith
• 4) Angelic Agency
• Angels mediate between Allah and humans
• Gabriel and Iblis

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Muslim Theology

• Five Pillars of Faith
• 5) Judgement and Afterlife
• Muslim ethical system judgement, reward, and
  punishment
• The Day of Noise and Clamour
• Hell temporary for all but religious hypocrites