Semester 1 CHAPTER 8 Le Chi Trung

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Semester 1CHAPTER 8Le Chi Trung
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Content

• Network design and documentation.
• Planning structured cabling.
• Design practices.
• Electricity and grounding.
• Network power supply.

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Schedule
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NETWORK DESIGN AND DOCUMENTATION
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General design process

• Develop a Layer 1 LAN topology
• The type of cable (fiber, coaxial, CAT 5 ).
• The physical (wiring) topology.
• Types of Ethernet topologies.
• Hub, repeater, closet, patch panel ...
• Develop a Layer 2 LAN topology
• To add Layer 2 devices to your topology to
  improve its capabilities.
• Develop a Layer 3 LAN topology
• Build scalable inter-networks.
• Link to WANs.

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Network design issues

• Gather information about the organization.
• Analyze and assess of the current and projected
  requirements.
• Identify the resources and constraints of the
  organization.
• Document the information in the framework of a
  format report.

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Network design process

• Designer person doing the design.
• Client person who has requested, and is probably
  paying for, the design.
• Users persons who will be using the product.
• Brainstorming generation of creative ideas for
  the design.
• Specifications development usually numbers which
  will measure how well the design works.
• Building and testing to meet client objectives
  and satisfy certain standards.

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General design methodology

• Problem solving cycle.
• Problem solving matrix.
• Brainstorming.

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Problem solving cycle
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Problem solving matrix
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Brainstorming

• Quantity of ideas.
• No censorship of ideas.
• Building upon others ideas.
• Wildest ideas possible.

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Network design documents

• Engineering journal.
• Logical topology.
• Physical topology.
• Cut sheets.
• Problem-solving matrices.
• Labeled outlets.
• Labeled cable runs.
• Summary of outlets and cable runs.
• Summary of devices, addresses.

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Review

• Understand about design process.
• Design documentation.

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PLANNING STRUCTURED CABLING
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Cabling standard
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Cabling terminologies
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Horizontal cabling components
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Horizontal cabling structure
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Horizontal cables

• 4-pair 100 O UTP. 
• 2 fiber (duplex) 62.5/125 µm or multimode optical
  fiber.
• 50/125 µm multimode fiber will be allowed in
  ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.
• A minimum of two telecommunication outlets are
  required for each individual work area.

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Wiring closet Overview
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Wiring closet Specification

• A central point of a star topology.
• Where the horizontal cabling runs must be
  attached and the patch panel must be installed.
• The size will vary with the size of the LAN and
  the types of equipment required to operate it
• Each floor must have a minimum of one wiring
  closet.
• Each 1000 m2 have a wiring closet.

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Wiring closet Size
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Wiring closet Environmental

• Materials for walls, floors, and ceilings.
• Temperature and humidity.
• Locations and types of lighting.
• Power outlets.
• Room and equipment access.
• Cable access and support.

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Wiring closet Wall, floor and ceiling
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Wiring closet HVAC

• Temperature 21OC
• Relative humidity 30 - 50

• HVAC Heating/Ventilation/Air Conditioning

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Wiring closet Lighting and Power

• Minimum of two dedicated, non-switched, AC duplex
  electrical outlet.
• At least one duplex power outlet positioned every
  1.8m along each wall.
• Power outlet should be positioned 150 mm above
  the floor.
• A lighting switch should be placed immediately
  inside the door.
• Florescent lighting should be avoided for cable
  pathways.

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Wiring closet Room and equipment

• Wiring hub and patch panel were mounted to a
  wall with a hinged wall bracket.

Wiring hub and patch panel were mounted with
distribution rack
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Wiring closet Cable access
Any wall/ceiling openings that provide access for
the conduit.

• All horizontal cabling that runs from work areas
  to a wiring closet should be run under a raised
  floor.
• When this is not possible, the cabling should be
  run through 10.2 cm sleeves that are placed above
  door level.

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Wiring closet Identification

• Draw a floor plan approximately to scale.
• Identify the devices that will be connected to
  the network.
• MDF is secure locations that are close to the
  POP.
• Choose potential wiring closet locations.
• Determining number of wiring closets.

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Wiring closet Floor plan
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Wiring closet Star topology
Draw circles that represent a radius of 50m from
potential wiring closets.
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Wiring closet Catchment area
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Wiring closet Potential location (PW)
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Wiring closet Identification PW

• If there are any potential wiring closet whose
  catchment areas substantially overlap, you could
  probably eliminate one of the wiring closet.
• If there are any potential wiring closet whose
  catchment areas can contain all of the devices
  that are to be connected to the network, then one
  of them could serve as the wiring closet for the
  entire.

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Wiring closet Practice

• Do any of the circles overlap?
• Can any of the PW locations be eliminated?
• Do any of the circles provide coverage for all of
  the devices that will be connected to the
  network?
• Which of the PW locations seems to be the best?
• Are there any circles where only a few of the
  devices fall outside the catchment area?
• Which PW is closest to the POP?
• Based on your findings, list the three best
  possible locations for wiring closets.
• Based on your findings, how many wiring closets
  do you believe will be required for this network?
  
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of each
  of the PW?

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Wiring closet Practice (cont.)
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Wiring closet Practice (PWs)
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Wiring closet HOMEWORK

• Teamwork
• 5 groups.
• Object
• Identification wiring closets for floor plan.
• Presentation
• 5-10 minutes per group.
• Tools
• Microsoft Visio, Microsoft PowerPoint
• Feedback
• From other students.

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Multiple Wiring closet MDF and IDF

• MDF Main distribution facility
• IDF Intermediate distribution facility.

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Multiple Wiring closet Multi-story
The MDF is usually located on one of the middle
floors of the building, even though the POP might
be located on the first floor, or in the
basement.
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Backbone Components

• Backbone cabling runs.
• Intermediate and main cross-connects.
• Patch cords used for backbone-to-backbone
  cross-connections.
• Vertical networking media between wiring closets
  on different floors.
• Networking media between the MDF and the POP.
• Networking media used between buildings in a
  multi-building campus.

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Backbone Structure
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Backbone Media

• 100 O UTP (four-pair).
• 150 O STP (two-pair).
• 62.5/125 µm multimode optical fiber.
• Single-mode optical fiber.
• Although TIA/EIA-568-A recognizes 50O coaxial
  cable, generally, it is not recommended for new
  installations.

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Backbone TIA/EIA-568-A

• Each IDF can be connected directly to the main
  distribution facility.
• IDF horizontal cross-connect (HCC).
• MDF main cross-connect (MCC).
• 1st IDF interconnected to a 2nd IDF. The 2nd IDF
  is then connected to the MDF.
• 2nd IDF intermediate cross-connect (ICC).
• No more than one ICC can be passed through to
  reach the MCC.

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Backbone TIA/EIA-568-A (type A)
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Backbone TIA/EIA-568-A (type B)
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Backbone Maximum distance
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Backbone Single mode FO (type A)
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Backbone Single mode FO (type B)
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Review

• What is a wiring closet and how to identify the
  wiring closets?
• What is the backbone cabling?
• What are HCC, ICC and MCC?

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DESIGN PRACTICES
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Design 1 Overview

• The campus has three buildings.
• Each building is two stories tall.
• The dimensions of the main building are 40 m. x
  37 m.
• The dimensions of both the east building and the
  west building are 40 m. x 23 m.
• Each building has a different earth ground.
• Each building has only a single earth ground.
• All floors are covered with ceramic tile, unless
  otherwise specified.

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Design 1 Ethernet star topology
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Design 1 Main building
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Design 1 East building
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Design 1 West building
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Design 1 Your plan

• Location of the MDF.
• Location and number of IDFs.
• Identity of IDFs used as HCCs.
• Identity of IDFs used as ICCs.
• Location of all backbone cabling runs between MDF
  and IDFs.
• Location of any backbone cabling runs between
  IDFs.
• Location of all horizontal cabling runs from IDFs
  to work areas.

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Design 1 Preparation

• Teamwork
• 5 groups.
• Presentation
• 10 minutes per group.
• Tools
• Microsoft Visio, Microsoft PowerPoint
• Feedback
• From other students.

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Design 2 Overview

• The campus has three buildings.
• Each building is two stories tall.
• The dimensions of the main building are 40m. x
  37m.
• The dimensions of both the east building and the
  west building are 40m. x 23m.
• Each building has a different earth ground.
• Each building has only a single earth ground.
• All floors are covered with ceramic tile, unless
  otherwise specified.

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Design 2 Multiple earth group
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Review

• Present your solution for design 1.

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ELECTRICITY AND GROUNDING
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AC and DC
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AC Line noise
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Electrostatic discharge (ESD)

• Static electricity.
• The most damaging and uncontrollable form of
  electricity.
• ESD must be dealt with in order to protect
  sensitive electronic equipment.
• ESDs can destroy semiconductors.
• A solution that can help solve problems that
  arise from ESD is good grounding.

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Safety grounding

• Third connector in power socket is called the
  safety ground connection.
• The safety ground wire is connected to any
  exposed metal part of equipments.
• The motherboards and computing circuits in
  computing equipment are electrically connected to
  the chassis, this also connects them to the
  safety grounding wire.

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Purpose of safety grounding

• Be used to dissipate static electricity.
• Prevent such metal parts from becoming energized
  with a hazardous voltage resulting from a wiring
  fault inside the device.
• Whenever an electrical current is passed through
  this path into the ground, it causes protective
  devices such as circuit breakers to activate.

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Grounding wire
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Multi-ground connections

• Large buildings frequently require more than one
  earth ground.
• Separate earth grounds for each building are
  required in multi-building campuses.
• When ground wires in separate locations have
  slightly different potential (voltage), to the
  common and hot wires, they can present a serious
  problem.
• This errant potential voltage would have the
  ability to severely damage delicate computer
  memory chips.

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Network devices on separate building
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Dangerous circuit

• Due to the ground wires for the devices in one
  location having a slightly different potential to
  both the common and hotwires than the ground
  wires for the devices in the second location.
• Anyone touching the chassis of a device on the
  network would receive a nasty shock.
• A good way to avoid having current pass through
  the body, and through the heart, is to use the
  one hand rule.

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Avoiding dangerous circuit

• TIA/EIA-568-A specifications for backbone cabling
  permit the use of fiber optic cable, as well as
  UTP cable.
• When multiple buildings are to be networked, it
  is highly desirable to use fiber-optic cable as
  the backbone.
• Whenever copper is used for backbone cabling, it
  can provide a pathway for lighting strikes to
  enter a building.

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Review

• What are the purposes of safety grounding?
• How to avoid dangerous circuit?

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NETWORK POWER SUPPLY
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Power problem
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Normal mode and common mode

• Normal mode problems do not, ordinarily, pose a
  hazard to you or to your computer. This is
  because they are usually intercepted by a
  computer's power supply, an uninterruptible power
  supply, or an AC power line filter.
• Common mode problems, on the other hand, can go
  directly to a computer's chassis without an
  intervening filter. Therefore they can do more
  damage to data signals than normal mode problems.
  In addition, they are harder to detect.

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Power line problem Total loss
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Power line problem Sag and Surge
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Power line problem Spike
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Power line problem Noise
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Power problems damage

• Lockups.
• Loss of memory.
• Problems in retrieving data.
• Altered data.
• Garbling.
• Protection products can save your data equipment
  from damage caused by direct contact with
  lightning, power lines, or electrostatic
  discharge.

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Protection solutions
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Surge protector

• To protect the system equipment from surges
  introduced between the building entrance and the
  system equipment, install the inline surge
  protector between those two points and as close
  as possible to the equipment being protected.
• To protect the system equipment from surges
  introduced between the system equipment and the
  work area, install the inline surge protector
  between those two points and as close as possible
  to the equipment being protected.
• To protect the work area equipment that is
  connected to the Local Exchange Carrier (LEC),
  Campus Backbone Cabling or System Equipment. If
  the work area equipment operates over more than
  one-pair, install the inline surge protector as
  close as possible to the equipment being
  protected.

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Surge suppressor

• Prevent surges and spikes from damaging the
  networking device.
• A device called a metal oxide varistor (MOV) is
  most often used as this type of surge suppressor.
  
• Protects the networking devices by redirecting
  excess voltages, that occur during spikes and
  surges, to a ground.
• This type of surge suppressor has a limited
  lifetime.
• This type of surge suppressor would not be the
  best choice for your network.

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Uninterruptible Power Supply

• An uninterruptible power source is designed to
  handle only short-duration power outages.
• If a LAN requires uninterrupted power, even
  during power outages that could last several
  hours, then a generator would be needed to
  supplement the backup provided by a UPS.

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UPS Components
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UPS Types
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Review

• Power line problems.
• The solutions for power problems.
• Purposes of UPS.

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• Good Luck on The Test