Design and Documentation

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Design and Documentation

• Shawn Shuoh-Ren Tsai
• Cisco Academy Training Center
• David Ta-Wei Shih
• CGUIC

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Network Design Issues

• Your first step in the process is to gather
  information about the organization. This
  information should include
• organization's history and current status
• projected growth
• operating policies and management procedures
• office systems and procedures
• viewpoints of the people who will be using the
  LAN

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Network Design Issues (Cont)

• The second step is to make a detailed analysis
  and assessment of the current and projected
  requirements of those people who will be using
  the network.
• The third step is to identify the resources and
  constraints of the organization.

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Network Design Documents

• engineering journal
• logical topology
• physical topology
• cut sheets
• problem-solving matrices
• labeled outlets
• labeled cable runs
• summary of outlets and cable runs
• summary of devices, MAC addresses, and IP
  addresses

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Wiring Closet Selection

• Where to place wiring closets.
• The most important decision is the selection of
  the Main Distribution Facility/Facilities (MDF)
• There are standards governing MDFs and IDFs
  (Intermediate Distribution Facility).

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Sizing for Wiring Closets

• TIA/EIA-569 specifies that each floor must have a
  minimum of one wiring closet and that additional
  wiring closets should be provided for each 1,000
  m2, when the area of the floor that is served
  exceeds 1,000 m2, or the horizontal cabling
  distance exceeds 90 m.

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Environmental Spec. for Wiring Closets

• power supply
• heating/ventilation/air conditioning (HVAC)
  issues
• 21?C, 30-50 humidity
• secure from unauthorized access
• applicable building and safety codes

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Cable Access and Support

• Cable must be protected by 10.2 cm conduit or
  sleeved cores
• additional lengths of conduit in order to provide
  for future growth
• All horizontal cabling that runs from work areas
  to a wiring closet should be run under a raised
  floor

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Cable Access and Support
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Topology as Floor Plan
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Topology as Floor Plan (Cont)
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Topology as Floor Plan (Cont)
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Potential Locations of Wiring Closets

• A good way to start looking for a potential
  wiring closet location is to identify secure
  locations that are close to the POP.
• The POP is where telecommunications services,
  provided by the telephone company, connect to the
  building's communication facilities

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Potential Locations of Wiring Closets (Cont)
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Catchment Area
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Backbone Cabling Media

• TIA/EIA-568-A specifies four types of networking
  media that can be used for backbone cabling.
  These include
• 100 O UTP (four-pair)
• 150 O STP-A (two-pair)
• 62.5/125 µm multimode optical fiber
• single-mode optical fiber

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TIA/EIA-568-A requirements for backbone cabling
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TIA/EIA-568-A requirements for backbone cabling
(A)
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TIA/EIA-568-A requirements for backbone cabling
(B)
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TIA/EIA-568-A requirements for backbone cabling(B)
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Noise Add unwanted voltages to the desired
signals
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ESD

• Electrostatic discharge (ESD), more commonly
  known as static electricity, is the most damaging
  and uncontrollable form of electricity.

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Grounding of Network Equipments

• The purpose of connecting the safety ground to
  exposed metal parts of the computing equipment is
  to prevent such metal parts from becoming
  energized with a hazardous voltage resulting from
  a wiring fault inside the device
• At any time electrical current passed via this
  path into the ground, it would cause protective
  devices such as circuit breakers to activate.

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Typical Power Line Problems

• Surge
• Spike
• Sag/Brownout
• Oscillations and Noise

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Surge

• A surge is a voltage increase above 110 of the
  normal voltage carried by a power line

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Spike

• A spike is an impulse that produces a voltage
  overload on the power line

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Surge and Spike Solutions

• A common solution to the problem of surges and
  spikes is the use of surge suppressors.

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Sag/Brownout

• A sag is a brownout that lasts less than a
  second.
• These incidents occur when voltage on the power
  line falls below 80 of the normal voltage.

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Sag and Blownout Solutions

• backups of all data
• UPS -- uninterruptable power supply

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UPS Components

• inverter - convert low-level direct current
  voltage of the batteries into the AC voltage,
  normally supplied by the power line, to
  networking devices
• battery charger - designed to keep the batteries
  in peak condition during periods when the power
  line system is functioning normally
• batteries - generally, the bigger the batteries
  in a UPS, the longer a period of time it will be
  able to support networking devices during power
  outages

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Oscillations and Noise

• Oscillations are also sometimes referred to as
  harmonics, or noise.
• A common cause of oscillation is an excessively
  long electrical wiring run,

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Oscillation Solutions

• rewire cables