POS 10101: 02082006.

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POS 101-01 02/08/2006.

• Course Status
• Website research links.
• Upcoming Assignment due dates
• Presentation topic selection, due Monday 02/13.
• Day and general topic - all dates open.
• Tell me specific day/date Mon. or Wen.
• Paper topic selection assignment, Wednesday
  02/15.
• Agenda
• We The People, Chap. 3 Federalism continued.
• Preview We The People, Chap. 4 Civil Liberties.
• Video Cases
• Freedom Summer.
• Confrontation between federal and state
  government in context of civil right movement,
  early 1960s.
• Civil Liberties and Civil Rights.

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• Discussion/Lecture Questions
• Wednesday - Enduring Debate 86-100
• Devolution of power.
• Thomas.
• Devolution critical.
• Derthick.
• Extent of devolution overrated/ambiguous.
• Kettl.
• Evaluation of devolution.
• Discussion Question 3.
• What are some of the empirical and normative
  questions concerning the devolution of power to
  the states addressed by each of the authors?

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• Critical Current Events Follow-up from 01/30/06.
• State of the Union.
• CNN post-SOTU assessment.
• CBS post-SOTU reaction poll.
• Bounce? Next week more national polling data will
  be released.
• Used as a launching point for number of
  initiatives.
• Defense of domestic surveillance.
• Competitiveness.
• Immigration.
• Defense priorities.
• Budget economic policies.

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• Perception of US Economy President Budget.
• Ideology and perception Pew Trust Poll
  01/24/2006.

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• Critical Current Event 2.
• Bush 2007 Budget released Monday, 02/06.
• 2007 fiscal year begins October 2006.
• Washington Post coverage.
• White House/OMB 2007 Budget page.
• Highlights.
• 2.8 trillion dollar Budget.
• 423 billion deficit.
• Defense and Homeland Security boost.
• Cuts in entitlements.
• Tax cut extensions 1.7 trillion over 10 years.
• Democrat Criticism.
• House Budget Committee.
• Senate Budget Committee.

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• 2007 Budget Spending by Category, Budget.

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• 2007 Budget Expenditures in Program Areas.

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• 2007 Budget Changes in Program Areas.

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OMB Deficit Projections Billions 2005 dollars.

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• OMB Deficit Projections GDP.

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• Crisis and Expansion of the Federal/Central
  State.
• Progressive growth of US federal state.
• Growth of Authority, Resources diminishes state
  autonomy.
• Forms of Crisis War, Major Political Movement
  Mobilization, Epidemics, Economic (Depression,
  Recession).
• Ratchet effect and federal budget/deficit.
• OSU Professor Sahrs website.
• The Federal Framework
• What is federalism?
• Are there other ways to structure government?
• How are the powers separated in the United
  States?
• Why federalism and two sovereigns?
• How does the Constitution divide powers between
  the federal and the state governments?

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• Federalism.
• Necessary response to complexity, 300million,
  87,000 governments.
• High degree of variation between states (e.g.
  income disparities - CBPI 2006).

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• Why Federalism?
• State and local governments have always played
  important role in our lives.
• The Founders feared centralized government and
  preferred local self-government.
• Why Two Sovereigns?
• The states were sovereign entities before and
  after the American Revolution, and the
  Antifederalists opposed a strong national
  government.
• Madison argued the system is necessary to prevent
  tyranny (Federalist 10, 51).

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• What Is Federalism?
• Federalism is the division of powers and
  functions between the national and the state
  governments.
• The framers sought to limit the national
  government by creating separate sovereigns.
• Other Forms of Government
• A unitary system bestows power on the national
  government and states are subservient.
• A confederacy bestows power on the states and the
  national government is subservient.
• Separation of Powers
• Federalism recognizes two sovereigns by granting
  limited powers to the national government and
  reserving the remaining powers to the states and
  the people (Article I, Section 8, and the Tenth
  Amendment).

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• The Expansion of Federal Power
• The Supreme Courts reversal in regard to
  Roosevelts programs allowed for the rapid
  expansion of federal power.
• The federal government now regulates almost every
  aspect of our lives.
• Tools of Power Federal Grants
• Governmental programs are usually in the form of
  federal grants-in-aid.
• Congress appropriates money to state and local
  governments to fund particular projects, usually
  with strings attached.
• The Great Society funded work and social
  programs such as AFDC and Social Security.

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Update FAS 2004 just released by US Census
Bureau.
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• Nixon and New Federalism
• The burdens of federal regulations and unfunded
  mandates brought about demands for reducing
  federal power in the 1970s.
• Block grants and revenue sharing were important
  tools in the movement toward New Federalism.
• The Demise of Nixons New Federalism
• Congress and the states opposed Nixons plan for
  New Federalism.
• The feared a loss of control over national
  programs and standards.
• Reagan and New Federalism
• Reagan reinvigorated the demand for New
  Federalism.
• Again, the transfer of power to the states was
  met with opposition.
• Block grants were used to increase federal power.

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• The 1994 Republican Revolution
• Newt Gingrich and Republicans again call for New
  Federalism
• Eliminating unfunded mandates
• Returning control over welfare to the states
• Returning speed limits to the states
• The Supreme Court restored the Tenth Amendment in
  United States v. Lopez (1995).

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Civil Liberties Substantive vs. Procedural
Liberties

• Procedural liberties are restraints on how the
  government is supposed to act.
• For example, citizens are guaranteed due process
  of law

• Substantive liberties are restraints on what the
  government shall not have the power to do.
• For example, restricting freedom of speech,
  religion or the press

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• Civil Liberties and War (Detention of Suspect
  Populations). WWII.

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• Civil Liberties (Privacy) and War. WWII - War on
  Terror.

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• Civil Liberties (Privacy) and War. WWII - Cold
  War.

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• Civil Liberties (Privacy) and War. WWII - 1990s
  Terror - UK.

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• Civil Liberties (Freedom of Association) and War.
  Cold War.

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• Civil Liberties (Freedom of Association) and War.
  Cold War.

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• Video Case Freedom Summer.
• Confrontation between federal and state
  government in context of civil right movement,
  early 1960s.
• Confrontation between national Democratic Party
  and Mississippi party.
• State control over voting procedures and Jim
  Crow/Apartheid system.
• State control over voting procedures and Jim
  Crow/Apartheid system.
• Civil Liberties and Civil Rights.
• Questions
• How is this an example of tensions inherent in
  federal system?
• How does this show the relationship between civil
  liberties and civil rights?

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• Next Week - 2/13/2006.
• Assignments.
• Presentation topic.
• Paper description.
• Readings.
• NSA domestic spying and We The People Chap. 4
  Civil Liberties slide 2 for 02/06/2006.
• We The People USA Patriot Act Policy Debate and
  Student Debate on p. 150-153.
• Enduring Debate, Discussion Question 2, p. 138.