September 11, 2001 Lessons Learned

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COURSE REVIEW
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CERT Course Review Disaster Simulation

• A Review of Key Points from the Course
• A Final Exercise

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Unit Objectives

• At the conclusion of this unit, the participants
  should be able to apply the skills and knowledge
  learned in Unit 1-8 to a simulated disaster
  situation

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Scope

• The scope of CERT curriculum will include
• Introduction and Unit Overview.
• Course Review.
• Disaster Simulation.
• Exercise Critique and Summary

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• Key Points

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Unit 1 Goals

• Teach Basics of Disasters
• Teach Disaster Preparedness
• Establish teacher Student relationship
• Establish Team Building!

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Unit 1 Ways to reinforce Teamwork

• Building a tower (example from Instructor guide)
• Phone/Email chain
• Break class into groups and have them list
  contents of what an emergency kit should contain

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Phone/Email Chain
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EMU Demo

• We demonstrate something pertinent for Unit One
• Contents of preparedness kit and raffle off!

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Unit 1 Student Activity

• At the Beginning of the class.
• From a deck of playing cards pass out according
  to class size so many Hearts, Spades, Clubs,
  Diamonds
• Instructor, ahead of time list 5 items that is a
  must for a kit.
• Break class into groups according to cards, have
  them brainstorm and make a list of 10 additional
  items in a Preparedness Kit.
• Give groups 10 minutes to create a list.
• Leader of each group will report out.

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Tools for Reinforcing Learning

• Demonstration
• Case Study
• Guided Teaching
• Group Inquiry
• Information Search
• Study Group
• Jigsaw Learning
• Learning Tournament

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Food for Thought!

• Additional CERT class graduates are always part
  of the overall team! No first or second teams!
• Import disasters which are pertinent to your
  location.
• Explain homework and prep for next class.
• Timing break into two parts to allow for
  completion if needed.
• Cost of Preparedness kits! Solicit local
  merchants to assist.
• YOUR THOUGHTS!

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Unit 2 Key Goals

• Teach basics of
• Fire Chemistry
• Fire Hazards
• Fire Safety
• Handling Portable Fire Extinguishers
• Fire Suppression Safety
• Hazardous Materials
• Building Teamwork

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Unit 2 Ways to Reinforce Teamwork
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Unit 3 Key Learning Points

• CERT members ability to open airways, control
  bleeding, and treat shock is critical to saving
  lives.
• Triage is a system for rapidly evaluating
  victims injuries and prioritizing them for
  treatment.
• The airway and breathing rate.
• Circulation and bleeding.
• Mental status.

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Unit 4 Key Learning Points

• To safeguard public health, take measures to
  maintain proper hygiene and sanitation, and
  purify water if necessary. All public health
  measures should be planned in advance and
  practiced during exercises.
• Disaster medical operations include four
  sub-functions
• Triage
• Treatment
• Transport
• Morgue
• Head-to-toe assessments should be verbal and
  hands-on.
• Treatment areas must be established as soon as
  casualties are confirmed and should be
• In a safe area that is close to, but uphill and
  upwind, and upstream from, the hazard area.
  Accessible by transportation vehicles.

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Unit 5 Key Learning Points

• The objectives of search and rescue are to
• Maintain rescuer safety at all times.
• Rescue the greatest number of people in the
  shortest amount of time.
• Rescue the lightly trapped victims first.
• Rescue involves three main functions
• Creating a safe environment
• Triaging or stabilizing victims
• Removing victims based on the size-up

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Unit 6 Key Learning Points

• CERT Organization How to organize and deploy
  volunteer resources according to CERT
  organizational principles.
• Rescuer Safety How to protect your own safety
  and your buddys during search and rescue.
• Documentation Strategies for documenting
  situation and resource status.
• Team Organization A tabletop exercise will give
  you the opportunity to apply your knowledge of
  team organization.

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Unit 7 Key Learning Points

• Disaster Psychology The psychological impact of
  a disaster on rescuers and victims, and how to
  provide psychological first aid.
• Caring for Yourself, Your Buddy, and Victims
  Steps one can take individually and as part of a
  CERT before, immediately following, and after a
  disaster.

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Unit 8 Key Learning Points

• Terrorism may be perpetrated by foreign or
  domestic individuals or groups. Terrorists
  attack to
• Intimidate the government or the civilian
  population.
• Further their objectives.
• Create mass casualties.
• Disrupt critical resources, vital services, and
  the economy.
• Cause individual and mass panic.

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Unit 9 Key Learning Points

• Provide the participants with feedback on their
  performance, including
• Overall operations.
• Communications.
• Safety.
• Teamwork.
• Ask the participants if anyone has any comments
  or questions about the exercise.
• Stress the importance of continuing education and
  training to maintain and improve the
  participants skills and knowledge.

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Disaster Simulation

• The disaster simulation requires you to set up
  four stations.
• Participants must treat the exercise as if it
  were real and train as if lives were depending on
  it.
• The Instructor will point out that mistakes made
  during training are lessons learnedlessons that
  may someday save lives and prevent injuries.
• At the end of the simulation, the Instructor will
  lead an interactive discussion about the lessons
  learned and the difficulties encountered during
  the exercise.

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Station 1

• Based on that scenario, the participants will
• Select a CERT Leader
• Determine the resources needed.
• Determine the extent of damage.
• Establish team priorities.
• Determine the resources needed.
• Identify potential hazards.

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Station Two

• The participants will be required to
• Evaluate a fire situation.
• Select the proper extinguisher.
• Extinguish a fire.
• NOTE Each participant
• will extinguish
• the fire.

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Station Three

• Participants will be required to conduct triage
  and treat victims with the medical equipment
  available.
• Identify several types of injuries that would be
  commonly incurred as a result of the disaster
  described in the simulation.
• Select participants as victims and have them
  apply Moulage to indicate wounds.

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Station Four

• CRIBBING
• Select several assistant instructors to serve as
  victims.
• Use pieces of wood, furniture, or other items (to
  simulate debris) to trap the victims.
• Provide additional materials that can be used in
  a leverage and cribbing operation as well as
  blankets and other items that could be used if
  necessary to lift or otherwise move the victim
  from his or her place of entrapment.