Analyzing Jobs in the Tourism Sector

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Analyzing Jobs in the Tourism Sector

• Describing, analyzing and classifying jobs
• Job titles in tourism a group of positions
  identical with respect to their significant tasks
• Involves analyzing the work performed, duties and
  tasks
• Task inventories for tourism jobs

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Nesting Terminology

• Occupation (class of job)
• Job (group of positions)
• Position (tasks and duties)
• Duty (large segment of work)
• Task (discrete unit of work)
• Competency (knowledge and skill)
• Competency standard (specification)

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Job Structure/Job Trees
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Jobs in the Tourism SectorOccupational Divisions
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Jobs in the Tourism SectorOccupational
Divisions?

• Concepts and statistics are immature
• Based on Standard Industrial Classification
  categories (SIC)
• For example the UK occupational divisions
• hotels and other tourist accommodation
• Restaurants, cafes and snack bars
• Public houses, bars, night clubs/licensed clubs
• Travel agencies and tour operators
• Libraries, museums and other cultural activities
• Sports and other recreational activities
• Self employed?

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The ISIC Approach to Occupational Divisions

• International Standard Classification of all
  Economic Activities (ISIC)
• HOTELS AND RESTAURANTS
• Hotels, camp sites and short stay accommodation
• Restaurants, bars and canteens
• TRANSPORT, STORAGE AND COMUNICATIONS
• Land transport
• Water transport
• Air transport
• Activities of travel agencies and tour operators

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The ISIC Approach

• International Standard Classification of all
  Economic Activities (ISIC)
• RECREATIONAL, CULTURAL AND SPORTING ACTIVITIES
• Entertainment (museums etc, sporting and other
  recreational activities)

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Occupational Divisions in Tourism Satellite
Accounts

• Hotels, campsites and other short stay
  accommodation
• Restaurants, bars and canteens
• Travel agents/packagers
• Retail trade
• Passenger transport
• Cultural, attractions and entertainment
• Sports facility operators

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Jobs in the Tourism SectorJob Titles
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European Vocational Training Approach to Job
Profiles

• Hotel Sector
• General manager large hotel (190 rooms)
• General manager medium hotel (45-190 rooms)
• General manager small hotel (less than 45 rooms)
• Front office manager
• Receptionist
• Head housekeeper
• Room attendant

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Europe Job Profiles continued

• Catering Sector
• Food and beverage manager
• Head chef
• Restaurant manager
• Head bar person
• Chef
• Bar person
• Waiter/waitress

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Europe Job Profiles continued

• Tours and Agencies Sector
• General manager (tour operation)
• Technical manager (tour operation)
• Marketing product manager (tour operation)
• Reservations supervisor (tour operation)
• Resort representative
• Agency manager (retail)
• Agency counter clerk (retail)

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South Asian Study Job Profiles

• Tours and Agencies Sector
• Travel agency assistant
• Travel agency reservation clerk
• Travel agency counter clerk
• Travel agency operations assistant
• Tour operations assistant
• Tour operations representative
• Tour operations clerk
• Tour operations assistant organizer

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South Asian Study continued

• Hotel Sector
• Front desk clerk
• Receptionist
• Room attendant
• Room maid
• House maid

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South Asian Study continued

• Catering Sector
• Waiter/waitress
• Assistant waiter/waitress
• Commis waiter/waitress
• Assistant cook
• Commis cook
• Assistant pastry cook
• Commis pastry cook
• Bakers assistant
• Assistant baker

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Association of British Travel Agents Study
Approach Tour Operation

• New entrant
• Junior ticketing clerk
• Reservations clerk
• Ticketing clerk
• Resort representative
• Courier
• Guide
• Reservations supervisor

• Ticketing supervisor
• Contracts officer
• Senior resort representative
• Reservation manager
• Ticketing manager
• Contracts manager
• Resort manager
• Operations manager

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Association of British Travel Agents Study
Approach Tour Operation

• Travel Agency
• New entrant
• Junior travel clerk
• Travel consultant
• Senior travel consultant
• Supervisor
• Assistant branch manger
• Manager
• Branch manager

• Business Travel
• Travel consultant
• Senior travel consultant
• Travel executive
• Assistant manager
• Manager
• Branch manager

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Jobs in the Tourism SectorCompetencies,
Standards and Certification
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The Australian Approach

• Internationally competitive workforce
• Australian National Training Authority (ANTA)
• Built around Training Packages which specify the
  competencies
• Industry led
• Nationally coordinated National Training
  Framework

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Tourism Training Australia (TTA)

• Leading national industry training advisory
  association
• Established 1982 to create an integrated flexible
  and effective training system for tourism and
  hospitality

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TTA Training Packages

• Nationally endorsed competency standards and
  qualifications for recognizing and assessing
  peoples skills
• Training package describes the skills and
  knowledge needed to reform effectively in the
  workplace
• Widespread consultation with the tourism and
  hospitality sector
• Available for all jobs in the sector

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National Qualification Framework (NQF)

• The NQF reflects all jobs on the sector
• Six levels
• Certificate I to IV
• Diploma
• Advanced diploma
• Each qualification has a core and a series of
  electives

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(No Transcript)
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Tourism Training Australia Competency Standards

• Specific knowledge and skills required for
  successful performance
• Organized into units with a code and title
• Each covers common competencies (e.g.
  communication) and sector specific competencies
  in
• Hospitality
• Tourism
• Caravans

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Tourism and Hospitality Competencies

• Hospitality
• Common core
• Hospitality core
• Functional areas
• General units

• Tourism
• Common core
• Tourism core
• Functional areas
• General units

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The ASEAN Approach

• The 11th meeting of the ASEAN taskforce on
  tourism manpower tabled a set of minimum
  competency standards within a qualifications
  framework.
• Retail and wholesale travel
• Housekeeping
• Front office and
• Food and beverage service

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ASEAN Job FrameworkFor Example - Housekeeping

• Houseman
• Laundry attendant
• Room attendant
• Order taker
• Supervisor
• Assistant executive housekeeper
• Executive housekeeper

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Retail/ Wholesale Competency Standard (example
from Indonesia)