Modern Era

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Modern Era

• Religions, Faith, and Spirituality

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For Your Information

• B.C.E. Before Common Era (B.C.)
• C.E. Common Era (A.D.)
• Monotheistic Belief or Faith in one God
• Polytheistic Belief or Faith in many Gods

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What is the point of Religion?

• Build Family Connections?
• Build Community?
• Inspiration and Motivation?
• Social Discipline?
• Keep People Moral and Ethical?

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Judaism / Jewish / Hebrew

• Origin Israel and Jordan
• Approximately 2000 B.C.E.
• Focus Center City of Jerusalem
• Migration to Egypt and back to Israel

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Judaism / Jewish / Hebrew

• God Yahweh
• A spiritual leader Moses
• Text/Written Ten Commandments and the Torah

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Beliefs

• Principles of self-restraint
• Importance to family, human life, and formal
  worship
• Foundation of moral and ethical behavior
• Cannot eat pork
• Cannot eat beef and dairy together

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Hinduism

• Origin India
• Approximately 1700 1100 B.C.E.

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Hinduism

• Faith in Brahma Divine Essence/Spirit
• Learning takes a lifetime of experiences
• Reincarnation Rebirth of Soul
• As a human or animal
• Can raise or drop in social groups

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Hinduism - Reincarnation

• Dharma fulfillment of ones moral duty in life
• Karma positive or negative force from actions
  determines status in next life

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Beliefs

• Practice Discipline
• Yoga harmonize body with soul
• Caste System
• Cows are sacred
• Power to plow
• Produce food milk and butter
• Fuel Dung
• Cannot eat beef

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Buddhism

• Origin India
• 500 B.C.E.
• Spread throughout Eastern Asia
• China, Korea, Japan, Burma

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Buddha

• Spiritual Leader Siddhartha Gautama
• Buddha or the Enlightened One
• Born as a prince
• Put aside family and possessions
• Searched for truth
• Practiced yoga and fasting

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Buddha
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Buddha
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Buddhas Findings

• The good will be rewarded
• The evil will be punished
• Pleasure and Material Wealth Suffering

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Buddhas Findings

• Renounce Desire Freedom from Suffering
  Nirvana (perfect peace)
• Must follow a code of morals and conduct
• Buddhists did not accept Gods

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Islam

• Origin Middle East
• 600 C.E.
• Spread throughout Middle East and North Africa
  in the beginning
• Can now find Islam throughout the world

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• North Africa

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• North Africa

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Islam the Muslims

• Spiritual Leader Muhammad
• Received vision to spread the word of Allah
• God Allah
• Spread due to army and military actions
• Spiritual Center Mecca
• (in Saudi Arabia)

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Teachings

• Holy Book Quran
• Similarities to Bible and Torah
• Must meet Five Pillars during life

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Five Pillars (obligations in life)

• 1) Recite faith to Allah and Muhammad
• 2) Pray 5 times a day facing Mecca
• 3) Give alms, money or food, to the poor
• 4) Fast, one day, during month of Ramadan
• 5) Make pilgrimage to Mecca during life

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Beliefs

• Temperance, Humility, Justice, Generosity,
  Tolerance, Obedience to Law, and courage.
• Cannot drink alcoholic beverages
• Cannot eat pork
• Jihad struggle to defend the faith

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Christianity

• Origin Roman Empire Middle East
• Jews were part of the Roman Empire
• They wanted independence
• Waiting for Messiah Spiritual Leader
• Founded by a Jewish Teacher
• Jesus of Nazareth

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Jesus of Nazareth

• According to the Christian Bible and the New
  Testament
• Born in Bethlehem Near Jerusalem
• Wandered countryside with disciples
• Performed healing miracles
• Defended the poor and oppressed
• Accepted the Ten Commandments

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Jesus of Nazareth

• Must love God above all else
• Must love others as they love themselves
• Many Jews hailed him as the Messiah
• Son of God
• Others saw him as revolutionary
• Fear of Jewish uprising

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Crucifixion

• Romans considered Jesus an enemy
• Crucifixion on a cross
• Jesus rose from the dead and ascended to
  heaven
• Thought to prove he was a Messiah
• Greek for Messiah Christos
• Jesus Christ

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Beliefs

• Disciples will spread his faith
• Everyone is accepted and will receive salvation
• By 600 C.E. spread into Western and Southern
  Europe, Asia Minor, North Africa