Title: Department of Maternal and Child Health
1MCH/Public HealthMilestonesPart II 1900-1909
2Greg R. Alexander, MPH, ScDCathy Chadwick, MPH
Donna J. Petersen, MHS, ScDMaryAnn Pass, MD,
MPH Martha Slay, MPHNicole Shumpert, BS
- Department of Maternal and Child Health
- The MCH Leadership Skills Training Institute
- University of Alabama at Birmingham
3Acknowledgement
- Supported by funding from the Maternal and Child
Health Bureau
41900
Progressive Periodreform movement for children
and concern for adequate child health care
AMA Section Obstetrics and Diseases of Women
First National Child Labor Committee
Responsibility for School Health assigned to
local communities
Education Act
First Bureau of Child Hygiene
First White House Conference on Care of Dependent
Children
American Association for the Study and Prevention
of Infant Mortality
1909
5The Progressive Period
- The first decade and a half of the 1990s was
known as the Progressive Period, with the federal
government expressing greater concern for the
welfare of its citizens. - The government began to take a more direct
interest in public health issues, particularly in
regard to the health and social welfare of
children.
6National Progressive Convention
7Crusade for Children
- During this period, a reform movement referred
to as the crusade for children, engaged in
efforts to improve child health and labor
conditions. - On the state and local levels, the increased
development of health departments provided new
forums for expanding and disseminating pediatric
and obstetric knowledge.
8(No Transcript)
9Crusades for Children
- The private sector increased its involvement in
programs for the handicapped. - Notably, voluntary organizations such as the
Shriners, the National Society for Crippled
Children (Easter Seal Society), the Rotary Club,
and the Lions Club, each initiated new programs
for disabled adults and children.
10Private Sector Involvement
111901 First State Child Labor Committee
- The first state child labor committee was
organized in Alabama in 1901.
12Child Labor
131902 First Full-Time School Nurses
- Ideas for health education and school medical
inspection led to a request from the New York
Health Commissioner for the loan of a full-time
nurse to provide medical inspection in schools. -
- Lina L. Rogers, from the Henry Street
Settlement, was appointed to this position.
14Full-time School Nurse
151902 First Full-Time School Nurses
- Eventually, other nurses were employed to teach
parents and children about prevention, treatment
of minor skin conditions, malnutrition and other
diseases.
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171903 AMA Section Obstetrics and Diseases of
Women
- In 1903, the American Medical Association (AMA)
established a section called Obstetrics and
Diseases of Women.
18(No Transcript)
191904 First National Child Labor Committee
- In 1904, the first national child labor committee
met in New York. -
- The central purpose of the National Child Labor
Committee was to prevent child labor through
legislation.
20Child being weighed and measured for working
papers
211906 Responsibility for School Health Assigned
to Local Committees
- The Education Act of 1907 required educational
authorities to appoint school doctors and nurses,
as well as the principal country school medical
officer (usually the county public health
officer) as responsible for running health
services in the schools.
22Early School
231908 First Bureau of Child Hygiene
- Dr. Josephine Baker was the first Chief of the
MCH Bureau of Child Hygiene in the New York City
Health Department. -
- Through her efforts to organize visits to
tenement homes of newborn babies, instruction and
assistance was provided to mothers on infant care
and the prevention of diarrheal diseases.
24Dr. Josephine Baker
251908 First Bureau of Child Hygiene
- The MCH Bureau of Child Hygiene in the NYC
Health Department also provided care to school
children, conducted health clinics, supervised
midwives, and regulated childrens institutions
and boarding homes.
26Nurse helping new mother
271909 First White House Conference on Care of
Dependent Children
- In 1909, President Theodore Roosevelt convened
a group of medical professionals and lay leaders
interested in the care of dependent children. - One of the major recommendations of this
enclave was for the development of a Federal
Childrens Bureau.
28Theodore Roosevelt
29American Association for the Study and Prevention
of Infant Mortality
- The American Association for Study and
Prevention of Infant Mortality was organized in
New Haven, Connecticut. - It was the first nationwide association whose
mission was to study and identify ways to prevent
infant mortality. - In addition, the Association played a major
role in creating a new registration procedure for
all infant births and deaths in the country.
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31Organized Prenatal Care
- Organized prenatal care in the United States
began in Boston in 1909. - The Instructive District Nursing Association
was responsible for developing an intensive
prenatal care program for women with special
health care needs.
32Visiting Nurses Prenatal Care
33Organized Prenatal Care
- Due to the success of this program, outpatient
clinics were created for prenatal care on a
wide-scale basis.
34Little Mothers League Older daughters were
trained to help take care of younger children
35Maternal and Child Health/Public Health
Milestones 1900-1909 Photo AcknowledgementsSli
de 6 National Progressive Convention, Chicago.
August 6, 1912. memory.loc.gov (American
Memory)Slide 8 DHEW book. Department of
Health, City of New YorkSlide 10 Organization
websitesSlide 12 Greels Shoe-shining parlor.
Said he was 15 years old. Works some nights
until 11 pm. Indianapolis, IN. Photo from
National Archives and Records Administration at
College Park. www.jwa.orgSlide 14 DHEW book.
Health examination in New York City schools.
Department of Health, City of New YorkSlide 16
Demonstration in child care to home economics
class. Courtesy of National Library of Medicine.
www.nlm.nih.gov.Slide 18 Visiting nurse shows
mother how to sterilize bottles. Courtesy of the
National Library of Medicine. www.nlm.nih.govSli
de 20 Getting working papers. New York, 1908 .
Photo by Lewis W. Hine. Lillian Wald Exhibit -
1912 Federal Children's Bureau.
www.jwa.org/Slide 22 www.atchison.k12.ks.us/gift
ed/history_sara_baker_.htmSlide 24 Buffalo
County School, Solomon D. Butcher, creator.
1907. http//memory.loc.gov (American
Memory)Slide 26 DHEW book. Department of
Health, City of New YorkSlide 28 Theodore
Roosevelt. www.encarta.comSlide 30 DHEW book.
Department of Health, City of New YorkSlide 32
Photograph of Philadelphias Visiting Nurses.
(calendar from Visiting Nurse Association of
Greater Philadelphia). Philadelphias Visiting
nurses of 1909 prepare to leave their
headquarters at 1340 Lombard Street to begin
their daily roundsSlide 34 The Little Mothers
League. Department of Health, City of New York.
DHEW book
36CREDITS
- This work builds upon the earlier efforts of
Dr. Allan C. Oglesby, Cindy Camberg, EdD, and
Cathy Chadwick of the Maternal and Child Health
Institute to Increase Leadership Skills Project,
San Diego State University, and draws upon their
Manual of the History and Philosophy of Maternal
and Child Health as a foundation for this
multi-volume series.