STRESS

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STRESS
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Which of the following events can cause stress?

• A. Taking out a loan
• B. Failing a test
• C. Graduating from college
• D. Watching a football game

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ALL FOUR!

• Stress producing factors may be pleasant or
  unpleasant.
• Physical challenges and the achievement of
  personal goals can cause stress.

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Moderate exercise can stimulate which of the
following?

• A. Analgesia (pain relief)
• B. Birth of new brain cells
• C. Relaxation

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ALL THREE

• Regular exercise is linked to improvements in
  many dimensions of wellness.

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High levels of stress can impair memory and cause
physical changes in the brain.

• TRUE or FALSE statement?

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TRUE

• Low levels of stress may improve memory but high
  stress levels impair learning and memory.
• Over the long-term, high stress levels may shrink
  an area of your brain called the hippocampus.

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For which of the following disorders is stress a
RISK FACTOR?

• A. diabetes
• B. arthritis
• C. premature menopause
• D. heart disease

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ALL FOUR

• Stress interacts with
• Heredity
• Personality
• Social Environment
• Behavior
• Stress increases your vulnerability to health
  problems

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How many car crashes each year are caused by
drowsy driving?

• A. 10,000
• B. 100,000
• C. 200,000

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C200,000!

• Among Drivers age 18-29, 60 report driving while
  drowsy.
• Nearly 25 say they have fallen asleep at the
  wheel.
• Driving while drowsy is nearly as dangerous as
  driving while intoxicated.

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STRESS

• Define The collective physiological and
  emotional responses to any stimulus that disturbs
  an individuals homeostasis.
• What is HOMEOSTASIS?

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Eustress vs. Distress

• Eustress
• Example
• Being accepted to college
• Interviewing for a job
• Going out on a date
• Being interviewed on television
• Watching a game

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Distress

• Losing your car/house keys
• Losing your job
• Forgetting where your car is parked in the
  college parking lot
• Getting a speeding ticket
• Failing a test

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Stress Level and Performance
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Two Major Control Systems

• Nervous System
• a. brain
• b. spinal cord
• c. nerves
• Endocrine System
• a. glands
• b. tissues
• c. cells

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Nervous System

• Autonomic Nervous System (Your Auto-pilot
  system)
• a. Not under conscious supervision
• b. controls digestion
• c. controls heart rate
• d. breathing
• e. blood pressure
• f. blood pressure

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Two Divisions of Autonomic NS

• Parasympathetic
• a. in control when you are relaxed
• b. aids in digestion, energy storage and growth
  promotion
• Sympathetic
• a. activated during physiological arousal or
  during emergency
• Example severe pain, anger or fear

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Sympathetic Nervous System

• Endocrine System Important
• System of glands, tissues and cells help control
  body functions by releasing hormones and other
  chemical messengers into bloodstream.
• Stress hormones act only on those organs with
  stress hormone receptors. This prepares body for
  emergency

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EMERGENCY!!

• Both systems work together in emergency
  situations
• FIGHT OR FLIGHT REACTIONS!
• Reflexive and Cognitive areas of brain sends
  message that there is a threat and immediate
  action is required.

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Emergency continued

• Neurochemical messages sent to hypothalamus
  (hormonal control center)
• Hypothalamus sends wake up call to pituitary
  gland.
• Pituitary gland releases ACTH-adrenocorticotropic
  hormone into bloodstream.
• ACTH travels to adrenal glands (above kidneys)/
  they release cortisol.

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Emergency continued

• Simultaneously, the sympathetic nerves instruct
  your adrenal glands to release epinephrine
  (adrenaline).
• Epinephrine triggers profound changes in your
  body.

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Epinephrine Release

• Acute hearing and vision
• Bronchi dilate to allow for more air in lungs
• Heart rate accelerates
• Blood Pressure increases allows oxygen,
  nutrients and hormones to be rapidly distributed
• Liver releases extra sugar to provide energy for
  muscles and brain
• Digestion halts
• You Perspire more for skin cooling

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Epinephrine continued

• Endorphins released to relieve pain in case of
  injury
• Blood cell production increases
• All of these changes give you heightened reflexes
  and strength to deal with stressor

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Emergency Ends

• Parasympathetic System takes over and stops
  reaction to allow your body systems to return to
  HOMEOSTASIS.

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Personality Types

• Type A
• Type B
• Type C
• Assessment in class

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Type AThe Leader

• controlling, schedule driven, competitive,
  hostile at times independent, direct and to the
  point.
• Entrepreneurs, business managers/owners
• Study by Friedman and Rosenman-White Caucasian
  males more likely to have heart disease.
• Later studies negated this and have shown that
  type As are quite healthy and even more
  successul at surviving heart disease than Type B.

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Type A contd

• Type As associated with greater risk of heart
  disease are men and women across all ethnic
  backgrounds who have tendencies of anger,
  cynicism and hostility.
• May have higher perceived stress levels.
• Greater coping difficulties to stressors.
• May be upset and explosive by events others would
  consider mild annoyances.

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Type BThe Socializer

• Less frustrated by the flow of day-to-day events
  and actions of others.
• Talkative
• Outgoing
• Like to be the center of attention
• Enjoy traveling and parties
• Others enjoy being around them
• Do well in marketing, sales, advertising, public
  speaking

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Type CDetails, details

• Difficulty expressing emotion
• Anger suppression
• Very neat
• Very calculated and precise
• Introverted
• Accountant, engineer, computer programmer, analyst

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What Personality Type are you?

• Assess your personality type by answering the
  continuum questionnaire given by your instructor.
• This will be your participation grade for today.
• After answering the questionnaire, take all of
  your belongings and leave the room (Class is NOT
  over yet!)