BIOL 2120 Recitation, section XX

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BIOL 2120 Recitation, section XX

• Week 1 review
• (your name here)

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Todays schedule

• Introduction what happens in recitation? (5 min)
  
• Lecture review Key Figures Topics (10 min)
• Quiz (10 min)
• Review quiz answers (10 min)
• Research paper 1 translating the title into
  normal English

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What happens in recitation?

• (Briefly introduce yourself)
• Primary objective to give you weekly quizzes to
  keep you up-to-date with the lecture material.
• Also
• A chance to review lecture subject material, ask
  questions
• A small group-based lesson on reading a research
  article
• A chance to learn how to do well in this class
  from experienced former students and graduate TAs

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Week 1 lecture review

• Lecture 1 Chemistry and sugars
•  
• An overview of the molecular building blocks of
  cellular structures
•  
• Water is the most common compound found in cells
  Fig. 2-8
•  The chemical properties of water impact nearly
  all molecular interactions in cells Fig. 2-10
• The study of cellular chemistry begins with an
  examination of the carbon atom Fig. 2-1, 2-6,
  2-15 
• Carbon forms characteristic bonds with hydrogen,
  oxygen, and nitrogen Fig. 2-5

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Week 1 lecture review, cont.

• Sugars are simple carbohydrates Fig. 3-20
• Carbohydrates contain only carbon, hydrogen, and
  oxygen
• The common sugars glucose and ribose serve
  several different functions in cells Fig.3-21,
  3-22
• In cells, sugars are commonly found in pairs
  called disaccharides Fig. 3-23, 2-16
• Oligosaccharides and polysaccharides storage,
  structural, and signaling components of cells
  Fig. 3-24, 3-25, 3-26

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Key Figures, Lecture 1
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Figure 2-6
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Figure 3-22
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Figure 2-16
An alpha 1,4 bond
A beta 1,4 bond
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Week 1 lecture review, cont

• Lecture 2 Nucleic Acids
•  
• All of the information necessary for cells to
  respond to their external environment is stored
  as DNA
•  
• A cell's DNA is inherited
• Mutations in DNA are passed from generation to
  generation
•  
• DNA must to be "read" to be useful Fig. 3-14,
  21-1
• DNA information is packaged into units called
  genes
• Genes are transcribed into RNAs
• Messenger RNAs are translated into proteins
• Mutations in DNA give rise to variation in
  proteins that are acted upon by natural selection
•  
• DNA is carefully packaged inside cells
•  
• DNA is a linear polymer of deoxyribonucleotides
  Figs. 3-15, 3-16, 3-17
• A single strand of DNA is held together by
  phosphodiester bonds
•  
• DNA forms a double stranded helix Figs. 3.18,
  3.19, 18.4

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Week 1 lecture review, cont

• Lecture 2 Nucleic Acids
•  
•  DNA packaging is hierarchical
•  
• DNA is bound to a protein/RNA scaffold Figs
  18-22, 18-17, 18-20, 18-21 
• Heterochromatin is a form of tightly packed DNA
  in eukaryotic cells Fig. 18-7
• Twisting DNA into heterochromatin requires
  metabolic energy
• DNA is "silenced" in heterochromatin
• Some regions of chromosomes are always silenced
•  
• The nucleus carefully protects a eukaryotic
  cell's DNA
• The nuclear pore complex restricts access to the
  interior of the nucleus Fig. 18.26 
• Nuclear lamin proteins form a protective cage
  around the chromosomes Fig. 18.31

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Key Figures, Lecture 2
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Figure 3-16
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Figure 3-17
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Figure3-18
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Figure 18-20
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Figure 18-21 Levels of Chromatin Packing
DNA packing ratio 1
DNA packing ratio 7
DNA packing ratio 42
DNA packing ratio 750
Euchromatin
DNA packing ratio 15,000 to 20,000
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Figure 18-7
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Figure 18-26
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QUIZ TIME
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Accessing the Primary Literature, Pt. 1
translating the title
TITLES MATTER They are a summary of months/years
worth of effort invested in a study. Imagine
having to put a title on your entire high school
experience.

• Replace all "technical" words with simpler words.
  If a particular word or phrase is so
  incomprehensible that there appears to be no
  simpler way to represent it, substitute the
  grammatical form it represents noun, verb.,
  adjective, subject, object, etc.

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Accessing the Primary Literature, Pt. 1
translating the title
EXERCISE Replace all "technical" words with
simpler words. If a particular word or phrase is
so incomprehensible that there appears to be no
simpler way to represent it, substitute the
grammatical form it represents noun, verb.,
adjective, subject, object, etc.
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Accessing the Primary Literature, Pt. 1
translating the title

• What this title could sound like if it werent
  filled with jargon
•  
• Determining the location of some things, called
  syntaxins that are related to the plasma
  membrane, in small spaces in a cell
• Some activity called localization, applied to
  some things with names, in some small spaces in a
  cell
• Activity of some things taking place in some
  small compartments that might be related to
  cells
•  
• And finally if all else fails action of noun in
  location

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Accessing the Primary Literature, Pt. 1
translating the title

• WHY DOES THIS MATTER?
• If you understand the title, you can predict what
  kinds of experiments need to be done in order to
  generate that title. So next week we will look at
  how to compose a list of expected vs. actual
  experiments in a paper, and evaluate how well the
  papers data actually support the title.

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For next week

• Download lecture outlines from class website
• In addition to studying lecture material, be
  prepared to translate the title of a new research
  article on next weeks quiz. Practice by looking
  up any research articles, in any subject.
• Bring TWO written questions concerning either the
  research articles or the lecture material from
  week 2. These will be collected.