User modelling alone is not enough

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User modelling alone is not enough

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• Susanne Loeber

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Introduction

• User modelling
• definition and purpose
• output
• six areas of usage
• Modelling more than just the user
• modelling the situation in which users seeks for
  information, education, relaxation or
  entertainment plus the characteristics of each
  individual user.
• A context-driven, rhetorical role-playing
  approach
• my research direction
• conclusion and discussion

3
User modellingdefinition and purpose

• User modelling
• Modelling the Motivation, Ability and Opportunity
  of a (stereotype) user or an individual user.
  Hoyer and McInnis
• The purpose of user modelling should be to get
  user satisfaction (from the users point of view)
  and loyal customers (from the owners point of
  view).

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User modelling output

• Necessary to satisfy both user and owner are
• a hypermedia system which adapts the content,
  structure and/or presentation of the networked
  hypermedia objects to each individual users
  characteristics, usage behaviour and/or usage
  environment Kobsa, et al
• adaptability (by the user) and adaptivity (by the
  owner) within the same application
• content level and link level adaptation.
  Brusilovsky

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User modelling six areas of usage

• educational hypermedia
• online information systems
• online help systems
• information retrieval systems
• institutional hypermedia
• systems for managing personalized views in
  information spaces. Brusilovsky

6
Modelling more satisfaction for all

• To satisfy each user, adaptivity and adaptability
  are necessary. Solution modelling the
  characteristics of each individual user.
• To satisfy the owner, adaptivity is necessary.
  Solution modelling the characteristics of the
  presentation.
• To satisfy both user and owner, adaptivity and
  adaptability are necessary. Solution modelling
  the characteristics of the context in which users
  and owner interact with the application.

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Modelling more framework and theory

• Situated Action framework and Persona Theory
  combined form the base how to satisfy both user
  and owner.
• Situated Action framework states the importance
  of modelling the situation in which an act takes
  place by two or more visitors and the
  application.
• Persona Theory states that users have a
  rhetorical purposes and play rhetorical roles to
  fulfil these purpose when interacting with an
  application and/or other visitors.

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Modelling more user

• Solution modelling the characteristics of the
  visitor, the implied user usage behaviour.
• The implied user or user role is visible through
  the content, layout, structure. The
  characteristics of the rhetorical roles are based
  on
• Motivation
• personal relevance, cultural held believes,
  perceived risk and plan (need, goal, tasks),
• Ability
• knowledge, experience, cognitive style, money,
• Opportunity
• distraction, time pressure.

9
Modelling more owner

• Solution modelling characteristics of implied
  user and author content, structure, layout
  usage environment.
• The owners role or implied author is visible
  through the content, layout, structure and
  interaction type/level.
• The characteristics of these roles are based on
• purpose of the presentation
• to inform, to educate, to persuade, to entertain,
• values of the presentation
• utilitarian or hedonic values,
• level and type of interaction with implied user
  and visitors.

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A context-driven, rhetorical role-playing approach

• Research direction
• is based on Situated Action framework and Persona
  Theory
• helps both the user and owner to get satisfied
  and be able to fulfil their needs or reach their
  goals
• stimulates
• content level adaptation,
• link level adaptation.

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Future directions

• Draw an Optimisation Layer into Cuypers, where
  the function of this layer is to stimulate
  Motivation, to control Ability and to limit
  Opportunity of the user.
• To combine the roles the implied user and implied
  author play to decrease the number of
  presentations and without making use of avatars.

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Conclusion and discussion

• User modelling alone will never bridge the gap
  between the needs of the user and the needs of
  the owner.
• A context-driven, rhetorical role-playing
  approach guides the design process, so both user
  and owner can be satisfied.
• The discourse (role-playing) and availability of
  the information about the characteristics of the
  individual user will differ per area of usage.