IntroductionOverview

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Introduction/Overview

• WHO AM I ?

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Introduction/Overview

• 11years
• Doctoral student
• Aid students / Aid teachers as a Moderator

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Introduction/Overview

• WHAT IS IN MY RDP ?

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Introduction/Overview

• 11years
• Doctoral student
• Aid students / Aid teachers as a Moderator
• What I want to know
• What I want to solve

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Initial Statement of Research Interest

• PAST

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Initial Statement of Research Interest

• Educational Environments
• - Visual
• - Social
• - Emotional
• Interaction
• Imagery (Mental Image)
• Problem-Solving Ability
• Cognition (Mental Representation)
• Eclectic Constructivist/ Situativist

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Wide acceptance of graphics and sounds

• Processing capacities
• Highly visual and interactive learning
  environments on computers
• Learning environments become more complex

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Several Modalities
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Some Debates

• Text
• Voice
• Picture
• Animation
• Graphic
• .
• .
• .

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Instructional design is a formidable task.

• Multimedia instructional materials can be
  influenced by the instructional designers
  concept of multimedia learning.

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Developed Statement of Research Interest

• NOW

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The Idea is from
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From which do students learn better? Words or
Pictures?
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What about this?
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Basic Concepts

• Working memory is one of the important factors in
  learning.
• Working memory is limited.
• It can be divided two sub systems.

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The point is

• My assumption is that a picture is worth ten
  thousand words.
• The answer for better learning is that
  appropriate cognitive processing and activity
  should be fostered by multimedia.
• But HOW?

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Idea Development

• How do students understand visual and verbal
  information?
• Which is less demanding of working memory ?
  (to reduce cognitive load)
• Can visual system help students learning?

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Idea Development

• How to aid learners mentally integrate pictures
  and words
• How to help students understand their subjects
• How to design computer-based multimedia
  instruction using pictures and words to aid their
  meaningful learning

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An Agenda for Further Steps

• Broad - Read more
• Narrow - Find problems
• - For whom is a picture worth
• a thousand words?
• -gt Individual differences
• (Spatial ability)
• -gt Cultural differences
• Solve the problem of HOW
• Method

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My experts
Park Hannafin
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Summary of Conversation with Experts I

• Read articles about related research to yours!
  Investigate others knowledge!
• See what happed! Summarize!
• Find the gap between debates
• What are problems? What are ideas? Describe!
• What is bad or good? Describe!

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Summary of Conversation with Experts II

• Readings Media Learning (2001, Mayer R.E), Hand
  book of reading research, Reading research
  quarterly.
• Visual literacy,
• What kind of pictures do you want to examine ?
• How is this picture different?
• What do you want to do?
• Find the hole and write why this is hole

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Bibliography

• Douglas Kellner (2002). Critical Perspectives on
  Visual Imagery in Media and Cyber Culture.
  Journal of Visual Literacy, 22(1), 81-90.
• Mayer, R. E., Brove, W., Bryman, A., Mars, R.,
  Tapangco, L. (1996). When less is the more
  Meaningful learning from visual and verbal
  summaries of science textbook lessons. Journal of
  Educational Psychology, 88, 64-73. 
• Mayer, R. E., Sims, V. K. (1994). For whom is a
  picture worth ten thousand words? Journal of
  Educational Psychology, 86, 389-401. 
• Paivio A. (1971). Imagery / (1986). Mental
  representations

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Bibliography

• Mayer, R. E., Moreno, R. (2002). Aids to
  computer-based multimedia learning. Learning and
  instruction, 12, 107-119. 
• Rieber, L. P. (1996). Animation as feedback in a
  computer-based simulation Representation
  matters. Educational Technology Research
  Development, 44(1), 5-22.
• Sweller, J., Chandler, P., Tiemey, P., Cooper,
  M. (1990). Cognitive load as a factor in the
  structure of technical material, Journal of
  Experimental Psychology General, 119, 176-192. 

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Can my pictures help you?