What is the difference

1
What is the difference?

• I throw the chalk.
• You love your sister.

• The chalk is thrown by me.
• Your sister is loved by you.

2
Voice Is the subject doing the action or being
acted upon?

• I throw the chalk. (Active Voice- subject
  acts)
• I (the subject) throw the chalk (direct object).
• The chalk is thrown by me. (Passive Voice-
  subject acted upon)
• The chalk (subject) is thrown by me (agent).

3
The following are used only with

• The 1st conjugation and the 2nd conjugation
• (3rd and 4th conjugation are Chapter 21)

4
Present Passive endings
5
Notice that

• In the 1st person singular, the ending is added
  right onto the the full active form
• (voco ?vocor)
• For the rest add the ending onto the stem as
  usual
• (vocamur?vocamur)

6
Future passive endings
7
Notice that

• In the future add the ending on to the present
  stem as usual
• The future-ish bi endings are still used with
  the passive endings tacked on
• The 2nd person singular is slightly irregular
• -beris

8
Imperfect Passive endings
9
Notice that

• The ba imperfect endings are still used with
  the passive ending attached

10
The Present Passive Infinitive

• Stem voca-
• Add -ri
• Or just take the present active infinitive (the
  second principal part) and change the e on the
  end to an i
• Vocar-i to be called

11
Ablative of Personal Agent

• With a passive verb the abl. of personal agent
  used to show who is actually performing the
  action
• The chalk is thrown by me (the agent).
• In Latin a (or ab if before a word starting
  with a vowel) the ablative
• So The chalk is thrown by me.
• Creta iactatur a me.

12
Personal Agent continued

• If the person doing the action is not a person
  but a thing, the ablative of means (no
  preposition) is used who is doing the action.
• The students are smacked by the chalk.
• Discipuli vapulantur creta.