Making of the Second Ghetto by Arnold R. Hirsch

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Making of the Second Ghettoby Arnold R. Hirsch

• Examining the Effects of the Great Migration on
  Migrants and Residents in Northern Urban Centers
• Learning and Teaching American History Summer
  Institute 2003
• Illinois State University

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Group Participants

• Donita Duffee-Lexington Unit 7
• Patrick Martin-Lexington Unit 7
• Megan Novotney-NCWHS Unit 5
• Glen Petersen-NCWHS Unit 5
• Kevin Suess-NCHS Unit 5
• Eric Wagner-Kelvyn Park H.S. CPS

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Question for Inquiry

• How has the Great Migration impacted the
  social, economic, and political factors that
  shaped the lives of the migrants and existing
  residents in northern urban centers?

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First Order DocumentONE WAY TICKET

• I pick up my life, And take it with me, And I
  put it down in Chicago, Detroit, Buffalo,
  Scranton, Any place that is North and East,
  And not Dixie.
• I pick up my life And take it on the train, To
  Los Angeles, Bakersfield, Seattle, Oakland, Salt
  Lake Any place that is North and West, And not
  South.

I am fed up With Jim Crow laws, People who are
cruel And afraid, Who lynch and run, Who are
scared of me And me of them I pick up my life
And take it away On a one-way ticket- Gone up
North Gone out West Gone! Langston Hughes,
1947
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First Order Document Justification

• Length
• High Interest Material
• Interdisciplinary Connections (Poetry)
• Prominent African American Author
• Prior Knowledge

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First Order Document Justification

• Poem acts as a vehicle for inquiry
• Suitable for various ages/abilities
• Springboard-2nd 3rd Order Documents
• Generative
• Race Riots
• Segregation (i.e. De Facto/De Jure)
• Demographic Shifts
• Cultural Diffusion
• Movements (i.e. Environmental Perception,
  Push/Pull)
• Civil Rights (i.e. Jim Crow Laws)

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Second Order Document 1Support

• Demonstrates exodus of African Americans from
  southern states to northern states between
  1940-1960.
• Map allows students the opportunity to inquire
  about the population shifts.

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2nd Order Document 2Support

• LUTCHER, LA., May 13, 1917
• Dear Sir I have been reading the Chicago
  defender and seeing so many advertisements about
  the work in the north I thought to write you
  concerning my condition. I am working hard in the
  south and can hardly earn a living. I have a wife
  and one child and can hardly feed them. I thought
  to write and ask you for some information
  concerning how to get a pass for myself and
  family. I dont want to leave my family behind as
  I cant hardly make a living for them right here
  with them and I know they would fare hard if I
  would leave them. If there are any agents in the
  south there havent been any of them to Lutcher if
  they would come here they would get at least
  fifty men. Please sir let me hear from you as
  quick as possible. Now this is all. Please dont
  publish my letter, I was out in town today
  talking to some of the men and they say if they
  could get passes that 30 or 40 of them would
  come. But they havent got the money and they dont
  know how to come. But they are good strong and
  able working men. If you will instruct me I will
  instruct the other men how to come as they all
  want to work. Please dont publish this because we
  have to whisper this around among our selves
  because the white folks are angry now because the
  negroes are going north. NATCHEZ, MISS.,
  Sept. 2217
• MR. R. S. ABBOTT, Editor.

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2nd Order Document 3Support

• Chicagos public housing "was intended to provide
  poor people with a higher standard of living. It
  was supposed to be an example of what a
  benevolent government could do. It was engineered
  to give a chance at a better life to people who
  had been left behind by the American Dream.
• In theory, splendid.
• In practice, a disaster."

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2nd Order Document 3 contdSupport

• According to an article in Architectural Forum,
  this open corridor design and unfinished
  concrete construction minimize cost and rents.
• Additionally, the article compared this
  particular housing with plush New York insurance
  projects being built to rent for as much per room
  as Ogden Courts are likely to obtain per
  apartment.

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Second Order Document 4Refute

• Herblock-1966
• Washington Post
• Slumsbombriots
• North not escape

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Second Order Document 5Refute

• The South Deering neighborhood of Chicago was an
  entry point for African Americans during the
  1950s. Hoped for integration turned into white
  exodus and black isolation.

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Identify the 1st Order Document

• Author-Langston Hughes
• Title-One Way Ticket
• Date-1947
• Type-Poem

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Analyze the 1st Order Document

• Main Idea- Great Migration Causes and Effects
• Relationship to Other Documents-The basis upon
  which all other documents will support/refute the
  point of inquiry.
• Preceding Conditions that Motivated the
  Author-Southern segregation and Jim Crow laws
  prompted African Americans to leave the south.
• Intended Audience and Purpose-Other African
  Americans and is a call to promote migration.
• Biases of the Author-Hughes was a social justice
  activist and his experiences as a black man in
  the south.
• Questions to Ask the Author-Did Hughes believe
  that blacks would truly be accepted in their new
  communities?

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Historical Context of 1st Order Document

• Important People, Events, Ideas of the Time
• Local/Regional-African American Migrants, Milton
  C. Mumford, Holman D. Pettibone, Race Riot of
  1919, Integration vs. Segregation, Racism, CHA
• National-Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. Du Bois,
  Harlem Renaissance, The Great Depression, HUD,
  NAACP
• World-WW I, WW II, Marcus Garvey, Back to Africa
  Movement
• Conclusions
• This poem serves as a gateway to a variety of
  historical topics relating to social, economic,
  and political factors that shaped both the Great
  Migration and the Civil Rights Movement.

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1st 2nd Order Document References

• 1st Order Document
• One Way Ticket Langston Hughes 1947
  www.pbs.org/goingtochicago/images/photos/migrants.
  jpg
• 2nd Order Documents
• 1-Liberty Equality Power A History of the
  American People-with Infotrac, Vol.
  2John M. Murrin, Johnson, McPherson, Gerstle,
  E. Rosenberg
• 2-www.historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5332/
• 3-Architectural Forum, January 1950, pgs. 84-85
• 4-The Built-In Bomb 1966 Washington Post
  fromThe Herblock Gallery
• MindSparks Interactive Learning Tools Highsmith
  Inc 1995
• 5-www.suntimes.com/index/census.html

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Habit of Mind and Vital Theme and Narrative

• Habit of Mind-Understand how things happen and
  how they change.
• Use of Habit of Mind-Identify the reasoning
  behind migration and the realities of change and
  relocation.
• Vital Theme and Narrative-Patterns of social and
  political interaction.
• Evidence that supports Vital Theme and
  Narrative-Social mobility and questions of social
  justice and key arguments in the documents.
• Evidence this document supports other 1st, 2nd,
  3rd Order Documents within this Theme-Promotes
  the reader to pose questions to the status of
  social justice and how that can be attained or
  lost.

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Relationship to a Discipline in the Social
Sciences/Social Studies

• Discipline-History
• Evidence of Relationship-Historic movement of
  populations
• NCSS Theme-Three People, Places and
  Environment.
• Evidence of Relationship-How/why humans settle in
  their locations.

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3rd Order DocumentSuggestions

• Types of 3rd Order Documents
• Periodicals
• Photos
• Statistical data
• Personal Accounts
• Diaries, letters, etc.

• Examples of 3rd Order Documents
• The Pantagraph
• December 2002 Issues
• Relative Websites
• http//www.columbia.edu/sk652/
• http//www.suntimes.com/census/data.html
• http//www.wethepeoplemedia.org/