Interactive Bases of Human Communication

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Interactive Bases of Human Communication

• Chapter 3
• McLaughlin

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Social Principles of Learning

• Social Interaction
• Successive interchanges between at least two
  persons in which the behavior of one affects the
  other.
• Caregivers are the only ones who recognize this
  social interaction in the beginning in care of
  infants.

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Caregiver-Infant Attachment

• Attachment
• close, nurturing, long-term relationship between
  caregiver and infant
• Develo0pment of expectations and recognition
• Dyad two individuals interacting as a unit
• Good-fit

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Recognition between Caregivers and Infants

• Recognition
• Ability to attend and recognize individuals
  presence
• Research shows preference thru changes in
  sucking patterns
• Cues
• Olfactory
• At two days
• Vocal
• Babies recognize mom, mom recognize baby
• Facial
• Strategic location
• At 7 months associate face with a voice

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Interaction

• Lockes quote
• Physical Contact
• Touch as emotional communication
• Infants must have needs met
• Infant Vocalization and Motherese
• Infant cries effect caregivers behavior
• Cries move from reflexive, may be consoled
• Baby talk characteristics

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Eye Contact

• Infants find the eyes
• Social smile
• Mutual gaze
• Gaze coupling
• Deictic gaze

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Joint Attention

• Both partners attend to the same topic/
• shared attention by context
• Joint reference shared topic of communication
• Referential in nature
• Joint actions
• Familiar routines/shared events

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Turntaking

• Alternating contributions of listeners and
  speakers
• Seen in feeding, joint action routines and later
  conversations
• These first alternations are considered
  protoconversations

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Imitation

• What can the infants imitate?

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Cultural Differences

• White American behaviors
• Differences seen all over US and the World
• Remember my way is not necessarily the right
  way.
• Children all over the world develop language

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Cognitive Principles of Learning

• Piagets view of intelligence
• Nature of Intelligence
• Equilibrium
• Adaptive process of
• Of new information

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• Organization
• Cognitive process of structuring patterns of
  interaction to deal more effectively with the
  environment.
• Scheme/schemata

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Adaptation/Modify Understanding

• Cognitive process of organizing new experiences
  to achieve equilibrium in understanding of the
  world
• Assimilation or Accommodation

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Stages of Intelligence
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Sensorimotor

• Imitation
• Mean-end
• Object permanence
• Symbolic function

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Development of Symbolic Play

• See table 3-2 in text

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Cognition and Language

• Four possible relationships between cognition and
  language
• Independent theory
• Cognitive determinism
• Linguistic determinism
• Interchanging roles

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Information Processing Perception

• Perception
• Sensation
• Imagery
• Symbolization
• Conceptualization
• Abstraction

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Behavioral Principle of Learning

• Skinner Operant Conditioning
• Response induction
• Shaping
• Setting conditions
• Stimulus generalization
• Reinforcement
• Primary, secondary, conditioned, and generalized
• Punishment
• Natural consequences