Title: Introduction to Cartographic Design
1Introduction to Cartographic Design
2???????????????????
- Statistic map
- Interactive map
3?????? statistic map
- Reference map ?????????????
- Thematic map ?????????????????
4Map Design
- Organize graphic information
- Provide structure
- Make the map legible
- Focus the readers attention
5????????????????????????????
- Map scale ?????????????????????????????????????
- Map projection????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????? ???? ?????? - Figure-ground (?????????????????????????)
- Layout ???? map composition
- Generalization
- Select
- Simplify ,exeggerate
- Classify
- Symbolization
- Map accurency
6Map scale
- Representing the scale
- Describe the scale
- Selecting the scale
- ???????????????????
- ???????????????????
- ???????????????????
7Map projection
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9Figure-Ground
10Figure-Ground
- ??????????????
- Some elements as figures (????????????)
- Other elements as background
11Figure-Ground
- Cant easily distinguish elements
12Figure-Ground
- How people see graphics
- Elements
- Contrast
- Contour
- Closure
- Enclosure
- Visual organization
13Contrast
- More contrast stronger figure
14Contrast
- Not just the darker element
15Contour
- Sharper contour (edge) stronger figure
16Closure
- Closed element stronger figure
17Enclosure
- More enclosed stronger figure
18Create Visual Levels ???????????????????????????
19Figure-Ground
20Figure-Ground
21Figure-Ground
22Figure-Ground
23Layout
24Layout
- Arrangement of map elements
- Objectives
- Visual balance
- Structure
25- Centering is a good starting point...
26- Poor balance harder to read
27- Assign appropriate emphasis
28Text Placement Figural Object
29Text Placement Background Object
30Text Placement Enhance Pattern
31Text Placement Hide Pattern
32Generalization
33Generalization
- Selection
- Simplification or exeggerate
- Classification
- Symbolization
34selection
- ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
- ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????
35Simplifying
- Loss of informationnegligible
36classification
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39Symbolization
40Symbolization
- Most maps involve abstract symbols
- Represent features of interest
- Cant always show them as they actually look
41Graphic Variables
- Shape
- Size
- Color
- Hue
- Lightness
- Saturation
- Orientation
- Pattern
- Texture
42???????????????????????????????????????????? ?
?????
- ???? ?????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????? ???? ???????? ??????? - ????????? ??????????????????????? ???? ??????
??????? ???? ??? - ???????? ??????????????????????????????????????
???? ??????????????? ????? - ??????? ??????????????????? ???????????????????
- ????? ????????????? ??????????????????????????????
????????? ?????????????
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44Levels of Measurement
- Nominal
- Ordinal
- Interval
- Ratio
45Symbolization Measurement
Nominal Ordinal Interval/Ratio x x x x - x
x x x x x
Shape Size Color Hue Lightness Saturation Orientat
ion Pattern Texture
46Symbolization
47Symbolization
- Can affect ability to see patterns
- Complex symbolization and classifications can
obscure
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54Map accurency
55??????????????????????????????????
- ??????
- ?????? 90 ?????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
0.8 ??. ????????????????? - 1 20 000 ????????????
- ?????????? 0.5 ??. ??????????????????????????????
1 20 000 - ???????
- ?????? 90 ????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
??
56????????
?????? 1 50 000 ?????????????????????????????????
??? ?????? 0.5 x 50 000 25 000 ??. ???? 25
???? ?????? 1 x 20 10 ???? 2
57Interactive map
- ?????????????????????? ??????????????
- ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
? - ???????? ??? ????? ??? animation
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
????? - Interactive map ???????????????? Multimedia
cartography