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Introduction to Cartographic Design

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Symbolization. selection. ????????????????????????????????????????????????? ... Complex symbolization and classifications can obscure. Map accurency ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Introduction to Cartographic Design


1
Introduction to Cartographic Design
  • ?.?.??????? ??????

2
???????????????????
  • Statistic map
  • Interactive map

3
?????? statistic map
  • Reference map ?????????????
  • Thematic map ?????????????????

4
Map Design
  • Organize graphic information
  • Provide structure
  • Make the map legible
  • Focus the readers attention

5
????????????????????????????
  • Map scale ?????????????????????????????????????
  • Map projection????????????????????????????????????
    ?????????????????????????????? ???? ??????
  • Figure-ground (?????????????????????????)
  • Layout ???? map composition
  • Generalization
  • Select
  • Simplify ,exeggerate
  • Classify
  • Symbolization
  • Map accurency

6
Map scale
  • Representing the scale
  • Describe the scale
  • Selecting the scale
  • ???????????????????
  • ???????????????????
  • ???????????????????

7
Map projection
8
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9
Figure-Ground
10
Figure-Ground
  • ??????????????
  • Some elements as figures (????????????)
  • Other elements as background

11
Figure-Ground
  • Cant easily distinguish elements

12
Figure-Ground
  • How people see graphics
  • Elements
  • Contrast
  • Contour
  • Closure
  • Enclosure
  • Visual organization

13
Contrast
  • More contrast stronger figure

14
Contrast
  • Not just the darker element

15
Contour
  • Sharper contour (edge) stronger figure

16
Closure
  • Closed element stronger figure

17
Enclosure
  • More enclosed stronger figure

18
Create Visual Levels ???????????????????????????
19
Figure-Ground
20
Figure-Ground
21
Figure-Ground
22
Figure-Ground
23
Layout
24
Layout
  • Arrangement of map elements
  • Objectives
  • Visual balance
  • Structure

25
  • Centering is a good starting point...

26
  • Poor balance harder to read

27
  • Assign appropriate emphasis

28
Text Placement Figural Object
29
Text Placement Background Object
30
Text Placement Enhance Pattern
31
Text Placement Hide Pattern
32
Generalization
33
Generalization
  • Selection
  • Simplification or exeggerate
  • Classification
  • Symbolization

34
selection
  • ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
  • ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ?????

35
Simplifying
  • Loss of informationnegligible

36
classification
37
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38
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39
Symbolization
40
Symbolization
  • Most maps involve abstract symbols
  • Represent features of interest
  • Cant always show them as they actually look

41
Graphic Variables
  • Shape
  • Size
  • Color
  • Hue
  • Lightness
  • Saturation
  • Orientation
  • Pattern
  • Texture

42
???????????????????????????????????????????? ?
?????
  • ???? ?????????????????????????????????????????????
    ????????????? ???? ???????? ???????
  • ????????? ??????????????????????? ???? ??????
    ??????? ???? ???
  • ???????? ??????????????????????????????????????
    ???? ??????????????? ?????
  • ??????? ??????????????????? ???????????????????
  • ????? ????????????? ??????????????????????????????
    ????????? ?????????????

43
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44
Levels of Measurement
  • Nominal
  • Ordinal
  • Interval
  • Ratio

45
Symbolization Measurement
Nominal Ordinal Interval/Ratio x x x x - x
x x x x x
Shape Size Color Hue Lightness Saturation Orientat
ion Pattern Texture
46
Symbolization
47
Symbolization
  • Can affect ability to see patterns
  • Complex symbolization and classifications can
    obscure

48
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49
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50
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51
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52
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53
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54
Map accurency
55
??????????????????????????????????
  • ??????
  • ?????? 90 ?????????????????????????
    ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
    0.8 ??. ?????????????????
  • 1 20 000 ????????????
  • ?????????? 0.5 ??. ??????????????????????????????
    1 20 000
  • ???????
  • ?????? 90 ????????????????????????????????????????
    ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ??

56
????????
?????? 1 50 000 ?????????????????????????????????
??? ?????? 0.5 x 50 000 25 000 ??. ???? 25
???? ?????? 1 x 20 10 ???? 2
57
Interactive map
  • ?????????????????????? ??????????????
  • ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ?
  • ???????? ??? ????? ??? animation
    ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ?????
  • Interactive map ???????????????? Multimedia
    cartography
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