Improving Sustainability in the Transport Sector

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Improving Sustainability in the Transport Sector

• Through Weight Reduction and the Application of
  Aluminum
• Ken Martchek
• Tucson, October 2007

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Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions

• Aluminum production responsible for about 1
• 0.4 of GHG emissions come from aluminium
  industry and
• 0.5 from power plants to supply electrolysis and
  other Al needs

Source International Energy Agency
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Our Industrys Response to Climate Change

• Formed U.S. Voluntary Aluminum Partnership
  with the EPA in 1995
• 70 reduction in perfluorocarbon emissions
• Joined and Exceeded U.S. Climate Vision Target
  with the Department of Energy
• 25 reduction of all direct smelting emissions
• Signed and Implemented Memorandums of
  Understanding with Province of Quebec
• Charter Sector of the Asia Pacific Partnership

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IAI Global Sustainability Initiative12
Voluntary objectives covering key environmental,
social, and economic indicators

• Voluntary Objective 1
• An 80 reduction in Perfluorocarbon (PFC)
  greenhouse gas emissions per tonne of aluminium
  produced for the industry as a whole by 2010
  versus 1990 levels.

• Voluntary Objective 3
• A 10 reduction in average smelting energy usage
  by IAI Member Companies per tonne of aluminium
  produced by 2010 versus 1990.

• Voluntary Objective 7
• The industry will monitor annually aluminium
  shipments for use in transport in order to track
  aluminium's contribution through light-weighting
  to reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from
  road, rail and sea transport.

• Voluntary Objective 8
• The IAI has developed a mass flow model to
  identify future recycling flows. The industry
  will report annually on its global recycling
  performance.

• Voluntary Objective 11 New
• The IAI Member Companies will seek to reduce GHG
  emissions from the production of alumina per
  tonne of alumina produced.

IAI International Aluminium Institute
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Goal to Reduce Smelting Electricity
Per Ton of Aluminum by 10
-10 Reduction objective
Voluntary Objective
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Sources of Electrical Power Used for
Aluminium Smelting
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Recycling Aluminium Conserves Energy

• The recycling of aluminum requires up to 95 less
  energy than that required for primary aluminum
  production.
• Recycling aluminum from used products saves an
  estimated 84 million tonnes of greenhouse gas
  emissions per year.

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Avoided EmissionsPost-Consumer Aluminium
Recycling
Since its inception, post consumer aluminium
recycling has already avoided the emission of a
billion metric tonnes CO2,e
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Modeling Past, Current and Future Global Aluminum
Supply Mix

• Modeling indicates that the industrys average
  recycle metal supply from outside
  our industry
• has increased from 17 in 1960 to over 32
  today
• is predicted to increase to 37 by 2020.

Post Consumer and Customer Recycled Metal to
Total Metal Consumed
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Improving the Sustainability of Transport
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A Growing Transport Sector
Future growth in car and light truck sales
Source International Energy Agency
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Vehicle Use Stage Dominates Transport
Energy Consumption

• Looking at a vehicles life cycle,
• the use stage dominates energy consumption and
  CO2eq emissions,
• while production, assembly, and end-of-life stage
  represent less than 20.

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Vehicle Weight Trends
Evolution of weight in compact-class cars
Source Jaguar
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Weight Reduction Has Significant Potential
Light-weighting the worlds transport fleet would
save 660 million tonnes GHG annually (9 of
transport GHG)
Source IFEU (Institute for Energy and
Environmental Research)
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Highest Potential -Weight Savings of Autos
Light Trucks
Source IFEU (Institute for Energy and
Environmental Research)
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Improving Sustainability in the Transport
Sector Through Weight Reduction and the
Application of Aluminium

• The application of aluminium in passenger
  vehicles and light trucks manufactured in 2006
  will lead to potential savings of
  approximately 140 million tonnes of CO2eq
  emissions over the lifecycle of these vehicles.
• Contributes to moving people and their goods in a
  safe, energy efficient, and environmentally-frien
  dly manner.
•  

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Improving Sustainability in the Transport
Sector

• Collaborative effort of International Aluminium
  Institute, European Aluminium Association, and
  the Aluminum Association
• Built Upon Earlier IFEU Paper on Lightweighting
• Utilizes the latest life cycle data on primary
  aluminium (more later)
• Observes the principles of life cycle assessment
  per ISO standard 14044 with regards to energy
  and greenhouse gas emissions.
• Technical paper and also a dynamic model that can
  be used to assess future scenarios and
  applications

IFEU Institute for Energy and Environmental
Research Heidelberg Ltd.
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Credible Life Cycle Transport Model

• Focuses on real examples of the benefits of
  mass reduction
• Substitutions by aluminium are made
  component by component in different
  vehicle series.
• Each component is subjected to individual
  life cycle analysis accounting
  for production, vehicle use and
  end-of-life recovery
• For each component a sensitivity analysis is
  applied.

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Data Source Examples Vehicle Use
Road vehicles
Source IFEU (Institute for Energy and
Environmental Research)
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Specific Examples Illustrate Potential of
Aluminium
Engine block Substitution of cast iron

• Aluminium can reduce the mass of a typical motor
  block by more than 50
• and save 20 tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions
  for each ton of aluminium utilised.

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Specific Examples Illustrate Potential of
Aluminium
Front hood high strength steel

• The aluminium hood on the US-manufactured family
  sedan registered a 42 direct weight reduction
  over high-strength steel
• and a total reduction of 52 when indirect
  (secondary) savings were included.

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Average Aluminium Content in New Cars
Source Ducker Worldwide
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2 200 kg Potential GHG Savings per Vehicle in 2006
for passenger cars and light trucks
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140 million tonnes Potential GHG Emission Savings
for passenger cars and light trucks (2006
vehicles)
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Credible Life Cycle Data on Primary Aluminium

• Completed Mine to Ingot Assessment of Primary
  Aluminium
• Transparent - Report Posted on
  www.world-aluminium.org
• Representative of Majority of Global
  Primary Aluminium Production for
  Year 2005

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Life Cycle Inventory Highlights Recent Progress

• Direct Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduced
  Significantly Despite Growth in Primary Aluminium
  Production New Life Cycle
  Inventory Report Confirms
• London, UK (October 22, 2007)
  The
  International Aluminium Institute reported today
  industry survey results
• showing a 14 percent reduction in total direct
  greenhouse gas emissions from the production
  processes of primary aluminium, between 2000 and
  2005,
• despite a 20 percent growth in primary aluminium
  production covered in the survey.

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Outreach and Promotion

• EAA/AA/IAI Joint Press Release
• Greater Aluminium Use Will Lower Transportation
  Greenhouse Gas Emissions Worldwide,
  New Study Confirms
• Conferences
• China (Dalian, Transport), Switzerland (Zurich,
  LCA), Canada (Toronto, Light Metals),
• Press articles
• Metal Bulletin, Aluminium International,
  Financial Times Germany

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Next Steps

• Expand technical paper to include
  lightweighting case study of hybrid car, etc.
• Address Other Aluminum Products
• Beverage container LCIs
• Sustainability of Aluminium in
  Building Construction
• Etc.

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In Conclusion

• Aluminum Improving the Sustainability of
  Production
• Aluminum Improving the Sustainability of
  Transport Part of the Solution
• The End

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Example of Results Update on GHG Emissions
- Based on IAI GHG Protocol - Consistent with
WRI/ WBCSD Corporate Entity Reporting
IAI