The Centre for AIDS Research

1
The Centre for AIDS Research

• The Geography of HIV/AIDS
• Looking beyond the maps

Mike Clark and Emma Treby
University of Bournemouth
University of Southampton
2
Information, suffocation or application?
3
Looking beyond the maps

• Geography as a driver of understanding versus
  Geography as a tool for intervention (behavioural
  or non-behavioural)
• Geography as distributions of attributes
  (choropleth maps!) versus geography as synthesis
  and spatiality
• The geography behind the maps
• Information, action, behaviour
• Information and communication (governance)
• Information and management

4
Looking beyond the maps

• A typology of HIV/AIDS mapping
• Geography and governance a role for GIS?
• Issues of caution
• Participation, adaptivity and AIDS response

5
A typology of HIV/AIDS mapping

• HIV, AIDS and response
• A working typology of mapping
• Policy-influencing (informing and attitudinal)
• Strategic (targets and monitoring)
• Operational (support and supervision)
• Community participation

6
1. Policy-influencing attitudinal
7
(No Transcript)
8
Simplistic policy-influence concepts
If you do that, this is what will happen to you
OK, in that case I wont
9
Adding realism to map influence
10
2. Strategic (targets monitoring)
11
3. Operational (support supervision)
12
4. Community participation
13
A typology of HIV/AIDS mapping
ACCURACY

• A working typology of mapping
• Policy-influencing (informing and attitudinal)
• Strategic (targets and monitoring)
• Operational (support and supervision)
• Community participation

Focus on synthesis, aggregation association
Focus on location and sampling
HOW DOES GIS RELATE TO ORGANISATIONS?
PRECISION
14
Warning essential but not sufficient
15
Warning essential but not sufficient
16
A model of regional governance
17
A model of regional governance
18
A role for information
19
A model of national governance
20
A model of national governance
Flow of management syntheses / maps / models
?
21
A model multi-level organisation
Policy informing
GIS
Flow of management maps / models
Operational feedback
22
A model multi-level organisation
Synthesis, aggregation association
Location and sampling
23
Spatial organisation in practice
24
Applying the model CHW
25
CHW information structure
26
A spatial structure for CHWs
27
KwaZulu Natal example
Mapping The Valley Trust
28
The multi-facilitator model
29
The multi-clinic model
Applicable to mobile clinics or health posts
30
Geography and governance
Spatial and organisational structure are
inherently and operationally linked
Information drives the organisation through these
structures
31
Mapping, culture élitism
32
Information Ethics?
33
(No Transcript)
34
The intellectual/moral contradiction
35
The intellectual/moral challenge
36
Maps, participation adaptivity
37
What kind of GIS (e.g. for CHW)?
Theorist/Consultant
Manager/User
Politician/Policy
38
BASELINE Status prediction
Adaptive management
MODELS/PROCEDURES Prediction/scenario/review
TARGETS Where do we want to get
MEASURES Needed to achieve target
39
STAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATION TOOLS
ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES
DECISION SUPPORT TOOLS
40
VISUALISATION SCENARIOS Options Appraisal
NETWORKING ENABLEMENT SOLUT WEB ENABLEMENT
SOLUTIONS IMPLEMENTATION PROCEDURES
DECISION TREE ANALYSIS RULE-BASED /
MULTICRITERIA STATISTICAL / GEOSTATISTICAL MATHEMA
TICAL MODELLING FUZZY MODELLING BAYESIAN MODELLING
41
Operational GIS
VISUALISATION SCENARIOS Options Appraisal
NETWORKING ENABLEMENT SOLUT WEB ENABLEMENT
SOLUTIONS IONSIMPLEMENTATION OROCEDURES
Policy GIS
DECISION TREE ANALYSIS RULE-BASED /
MULTICRITERIA STATISTICAL / GEOSTATISTICAL MATHEMA
TICAL MODELLING FUZZY MODELLING BAYESIAN MODELLING
Strategic GIS
42
Operational GIS
VISUALISATION SCENARIOS Options Appraisal
Policy GIS
Strategic GIS
43
Operational GIS
Policy GIS
Strategic GIS
44
The Centre for AIDS Research

• The geography of HIV/AIDS looking beyond the maps