Short Field Takeoff

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Short Field Takeoff Landing
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Takeoff

• Objective - Knowledge of elements
• Positive and accurate control of aircraft with
  shortest ground roll and steepest angle of climb
• Proper airspeeds VR, VX, and VY

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Takeoff

• Best angle of climb results in greatest gain of
  altitude for a given distance over the ground
• Speed deviations of 5/-0 can reduce climb
  performance significantly

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Takeoff

• Climb above obstacle or 50 ft AGL before
  accelerating to VY by reducing pitch

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Takeoff

• Knowledge of performance charts
• Temperature Pressure
• runway length wind
• type of runway surface
• weight and condition of airplane

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Takeoff

• Associated Condition
• Power
• Mixture
• Flap Setting

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Takeoff

• Margin of Safety
• Remove fuel, people, or baggage
• Wait for different wind/or temperature
• Find a more experienced pilot
• Move airplane to a safer takeoff location

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Takeoff

• Perform Maneuver
• Position flight controls and flaps for the
  existing conditions
• Crosswind - full deflection of ailerons
• Flaps set - verify visually

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Takeoff

• Clear the area and position aircraft for maximum
  available takeoff area
• traffic pattern and runway clear
• Back taxi to very beginning of runway

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Takeoff

• ground reference points
• Advance throttle to takeoff power, while holding
  the brakes
• Recheck mixture and propeller high RPM
• Add takeoff power avoiding engine surging,
  backfiring and

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Takeoff

• overboost situations and release brakes smoothly
• Monitor engine instruments for malfunctions or
  indications of insufficient power
• Listen for engine roughness or power loss

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Takeoff

• Abort if indications are not normal
• Check airspeed indicator and call out airspeeds
• Rotate at the recommended speed

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Takeoff

• Speed may vary with weight. Check POH
• Rotation speed should be approximately 5 KTS
  below the lift off speed

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Takeoff

• At VR smoothly apply back elevator pressure to
  raise the nose to the pitch attitude that will
  produce the best angle-of-climb airspeed VX

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Takeoff

• Do not attempt to raise the nose until VR because
  this will create unnecessary drag
• Climb at the manufacturers recommended airspeed
  and configuration

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Takeoff

• low airspeed pitch too high
• higher airspeed pitch is too low
• on airspeed at optimum speed
• Learn pitch attitude - nose in relation to the
  horizon and attitude indicator

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Takeoff

• Maintain VX 5/-0 KTS
• After clearing the obstacle accelerate to VY
  5/-5
• Retract the landing gear and flaps after a
  positive rate of climb or as recommended

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Takeoff

• Before retracting the gear, apply the brakes to
  stop the rotation of the wheels
• Retract as recommended by the manufacturer
• Some recommend after a positive rate of climb,

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Takeoff

• some recommend after clearing the obstacle
• Generally not good to be looking in the cockpit
  until obstacle clearance is assured
• In some airplanes, drag of gear is insignificant

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Takeoff

• Normally landing gear is retracted prior to flap
  retraction
• Flaps normally retracted when you are clear of
  the obstacle and when VY is established
• Raise flaps in increments to avoid sudden loss of
  lift and settling of the airplane

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Takeoff

• Make pitch adjustment during gear and flap
  retraction to maintain VY
• Maintain takeoff power to safe maneuvering
  altitude, then set climb power

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Takeoff

• After establishing VY, retracting gear and flaps
  maintain takeoff power to 500 feet
• Reduce MP and RPM to climb power
• Maintain VY until 1000 feet transition to cruise
  climb

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Takeoff

• Maintain directional control and proper
  wind-drift correction throughout the takeoff and
  climb

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Takeoff

• Common error is to become preoccupied with the
  short field takeoff and neglect crosswind
  correction
• Complete the appropriate checklists, both before
  takeoff and climb

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Common Takeoff Errors

• Failure to use the entire runway
• Improper positioning of the flight controls and
  wing flaps
• Improper engine operation during short field
  takeoff and climb out

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Common Takeoff Errors

• Inappropriate removal of hand from throttle
• Poor directional control
• Improper use of brakes

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Common Takeoff Errors

• Improper pitch attitude during liftoff
• Failure to establish and maintain proper climb
  configuration and airspeed
• Drift during climb out

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Short Field Landing

• Exhibit knowledge of the elements related to a
  short field approach and landing
• Short landing area or over an obstacle that
  limits the available landing area

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Short Field Landing

• Precise, positive control of your airplanes rate
  of descent and airspeed to produce an approach
  that will clear obstacle, result in little or no
  float, and stop in the shortest possible distance
• Think ahead. Dont land where you cannot takeoff

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Short Field Landing

• Consider the wind conditions, landing surface and
  obstructions
• Height of obstructions dictate how steep the
  approach will have to be

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Short Field Landing

• Surface may affect the breaking distance
• Headwind may shorten the distance
• Know POH landing speed
• Know landing distance
• Pump brakes to insure you have brake pressure

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Short Field Landing

• Select the most suitable touchdown point
• Select an aim point that will allow you to clear
  obstacles and touch down with the greatest amount
  of runway available

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Short Field Landing

• Descent angle will be steeper than a normal
  approach. Aim point will be closer to the
  obstacle
• Aim point will be short of the touchdown point
• Select a go around point, normally before
  descending below barriers

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Landing Comparison
Temperature 15OC Pressure S.L. Ground
roll Over 50 foot Obstacle C172 540 1280 Sun
downer 703 1484 Bonanza 800 1300
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Short Field Landing

• Establish the recommended approach and landing
  configuration and adjust power and pitch as
  required

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Short Field Landing

• After landing gear and flaps are extended adjust
  power and pitch to give you the proper descent
  angle and airspeed
• Coordinated combination of pitch and power
  adjustments are required

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Short Field Landing

• Approach must be stabilized
• Avoid excessively slow airspeed
• Avoid low slow approaches
• Final approach from 3/4 to 1 mile from 500 feet

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Short Field Landing

• Maintain a stabilized approach at the recommended
  airspeed or 1.3 VSO with a gust factor of 5/-5

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Short Field Landing

• Maintain glide path and airspeed
• Airspeed based on landing weight
• Reduce power while rounding out

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Short Field Landing

• After landing gear and flaps are extended adjust
  power and pitch to give you the proper descent
  angle and airspeed

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Short Field Landing

• Coordinated combination of pitch and power
  adjustments are required Approach must be
  stabilized
• Excess airspeed will cause floating and cause you
  to miss your touchdown spot

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Short Field Landing

• Make smooth, timely and correct control
  applications during the round out and touchdown
  Remain aware of the possibility of wind shear
  and/or wake turbulence

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Short Field Landing

• Touch down at or within 100 feet of the
  specified point, little or no float or drift with
• the longitudinal axis aligned with and over the
  center of the landing surface

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Short Field Landing

• Round out to avoid flying into the ground or
  ballooning and stalling
• During round out reduce the throttle to idle
• Touch down within 100 feet of the specified point

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Short Field Landing

• Maintain crosswind correction and directional
  control throughout the approach and landing Apply
  brakes to stop in the shortest distance

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Short Field Landing

• Once main gear are solidly on the ground begin
  braking while maintaining full back elevator
  pressure
• Keep weight off nose gear

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Short Field Landing

• Some aircraft benefit from retracting flaps but
  could cause you to misidentify a control and lead
  to a gear up landing

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Short Field Landing

• Complete the appropriate checklists
• BCGUMPS
• Check brakes
• After Landing checklist

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Common Errors

• Improper use of landing performance data and
  limitations
• Failure to establish approach landing
  configuration at appropriate time or in proper
  sequence

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Common Errors

• Failure to maintain a stabilized approach
• Improper technique in use of power, wing flaps
  and trim

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Common Errors

• Improper removal of hand from throttle
• Improper technique during round out and touchdown

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Common Errors

• Poor directional control after touchdown
• Improper use of brakes